As green manures

Johnson A W, Golden A M, Auld D L and Sumner D R (1992), Effect of rapeseed and vetch as green manure crops and fallow on nematodes and soil-borne pathogens , J Nematol, 24, 117-126. 

Mojtahedi H, Santo G S, Hang A N and Wilson J H (1991), Suppression of root-knot nematode populations with selected rapeseed cultivars as green manure , JNematol, 23, 170-174. 

The non-legumes used as green-manure cover crops are mostly grasses. They are grown because they are economical, easily established and can quickly produce large amounts of organic material. Examples include aimual rye, oats, wheat and millet. 

The cultivation of crops that are not devoted to selling or feeding purposes is commonly understood as green manuring. Older definitions focused more on the fertilising aspects that were achieved by incorporation of crops in an immature stage. More recent understandings... 

MacGuidwin, A.E., Layne, T.L. Response of nematode communities to sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids grown as green manure crops. Suppl J Nematol 1995 27 609-616. 

Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G.S., Hang, A.N., Wilson, J.W. Suppression of root-knot nematodes with selected rapeseed cultivars as green manures. J Nematol 1991 23 170-174. 

It has been recommended to grow legumes as green manure to build soil fertility. Becker and Johnson (1997) determined BNF by 50 multipurpose cover legumes in... 

Table 4. Nutrient contents of various materials with potential for use as green manure...

Since classical times lupins have been used as green manure, as a fodder crop, and as a source of meal for both man and beast. No cases of poisoning appear to have been recorded before the 19th century, although it was realized that the seeds had harmful properties, and special methods were used in preparing them for food (160). From 1860 onwards, however, numerous outbreaks of poisoning occurred in northern Europe, losses in... 

Organic f. manure, compost, peat, straw, stalks, toppings, etc. (as green manure). The oldest way to return nutrients and organic matter (which once were harvested from the field) back to the soil via animal residues and straw or simply by biological - respiration. 

While B. juncea in India and Pakistan is preferably grown for its oil, most other m. species are grown for mustard and spice production. In a moderate climate, they often are grown as fodder crops or as green manure crops. 

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