Aryl acylamidase

Woodrow, J. R. and Quirk, A. V. Enzyme. Microb. Tech. 8 (1986) 183-187. Anomalous partitioning of aryl acylamidase in aqueous 2-phase systems. 

Plant. In rice plants, propanil is rapidly hydrolyzed via an aryl acylamidase enzyme isolated by Still (1968) forming the nonphototoxic compounds (Ashton and Monaco, 1991)... 

Heumann S, Eberl A, Fischer-Colbrie G et al (2009) A novel aryl acylamidase from Nocardia farcinica hydrolyses polyamide. Biotechnol Bioeng 102 1003-1011... 

Englehardt, G., P. R. Wallnofer, and R. Plapp, Purification and properties of an aryl acylamidase of Bacillus sphaericus, catalyzing the hydrolysis of various phenylamide herbicides and fungicides , Appl. Microbiol., 26,709-718 (1973). 

Heumann, S., Eberl, A., Fischer-Colbrie, G., Pobeheim, H., Kaufmann, F., Ribitsch, D., Cavaco-Panlo, A., and Guebitz, G. M. 2009. A novel aryl acylamidase from Nocardia farcinica hydrolyses polyamide. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 102(4) 1003-11. 

In certain situations it is possible to overcome herbicide metabolism-based resistance by adding an ingredient that will block detoxification of the herbicide in the resistant weed. One example is with propanil-resistant Echinochloa colona in rice in Latin America. The addition of piperophos, an organophosphate insecticide that inhibits the aryl acylamidase activity that confers resistance on the weed biotype [11]. This combination, based on an undo standing of the resistance mechanism, has beat approved for use on resistant... 

Manoharan, L, Boopathy, R. (2006). Diisopropylflurophosphate-sensitive aryl acylamidase activity of fatty acid free human serum albumin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 452 186-8. 

Aryl-acylamidase inhibitors. Rice is resistant to the herbicide propanil due to a rice specific aryl-acylamidase which degrades the herbicide. Various carbamate and organophosphorothioate insecticides were found to be incompatible with propanil because they prevented propanil degradation. This was found to be due to a direct inhibition of this enzyme (47, 48). Such insecticides or their derivatives can be " rational" synergists when this enzyme is found to be active in degrading herbicides in weeds, and must be suppressed. 

Different to the cases described above, the herbicide propanil is detoxified in rice and weed species by the action of an aryl acylamidase (aryl-acylamine amido-hydrolase). High activity of this enzyme in rice confers crop tolerance. In Colombia, a biotype of Echinochloa colona was found that is resistant to propanil. Enzyme tests with extracts from this biotype revealed an about three-fold higher activity of aryl acylamidase in the resistant than in a susceptible biotype. It was concluded that resistance of the E. colona biotype is based on enhanced propanil detoxification [74]. 

Beta-glucuronidase Aryl acylamidase Monoamine oxidase Diamine oxidase Azobenzene reductase Nitro reductase... 

Albumin is the most abundant protein found in plasma and has a half-life of approximately 20 days. It is a 67-kDa multifunctional monomer synthesized and secreted by the liver. Albumin has esterase-like and aryl acylamidase activities, but it does not have a catalytic active site serine (Marsillach et al., 2013). The high concentration of albumin in plasma (30-60 g/L) may balance the poor reactivity of this protein with OPs (Jokanovid,... 

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