Artificial muscles ionic electroactive polymer

Throughout the chapters of this book we considered several types of electroactive materials in a view of using them as biomimetic artificial muscles. In particular, ionic polymer-metal composites, conjugated polymers, and dielectric elastomers were considered. 

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) is a highly ionic conductive synthetic polymer that has been used in combination with PVA in order to produce an electroactive network membrane as an artificial muscle (Dai et al. 2009). The PVA/PAMPS blends were subjected to a heat treatment at high temperatures (above 60°C) to facilitate formation of physical crosslinks in the ionic network (see Figure 4.2). 

Wang XL, Oh IK, Chen TH (2010a) Electro-active polymer aetuators employing sulfonated poly (styrene-ran-ethylene) as ionic membranes. Polym Int 59(3) 305 312 Wang XL, Oh IK, Lee S (2010b) Electroactive artificial muscle based on crosslinked PVA/SPTES. Sensor Actuators B 150(l) 57-64... 

In 2011 Proceedings of SICE annual conference. Tokyo, pp 1687-1690 Yamakita M, Kamamichi N, Kaneda Y, Asaka K, Luo Z (2004) Development of an artificial muscle linear actuator using ionic polymer-metal composites. Adv Robot 18(4) 383-399 Yamakita M, Kamamichi N, Luo Z, Asaka K (2007) Robotic application of IPMC actuators with redoping capability. In Kim K, Tadokoro S (eds) Electroactive polymers for robotics applications. Springer, London, pp 199-226... 

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