Arteries valve stenosis

Ribeiro PA, al Zaibag M, Abdullah M. Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance before and after mitral balloon valvotomy in 100 patients with severe mitral valve stenosis. Am Heart J 1993 125(4) I I 10-1114. 

Causes of diastolic dysfunction (restriction in ventricular filling) are increased ventricular stiffness, ventricular hypertrophy, infiltrative myocardial diseases, myocardial ischemia and infarction, mitral or tricuspid valve stenosis, and pericardial disease (e.g., pericarditis, pericardial tamponade). The leading causes of HP are coronary artery disease and hypertension. 

Li, J.K.-J., Y. Zhu, and M. Nanna. Computer modeling of the effects of aortic valve stenosis and arterial system afterload on left ventricular hypertrophy. Comput. Biol. Med. 27 477-485,1997. 

Ivanovic, B., Tadic, M., Dincic, D. The effects of arterial hypertension on aortic valve stenosis. Vojnosanit. Pregl. 67(7), 588-592 (2010)... 

Q13 Arterial emboli, which can block blood vessels and cause ischaemia or infarction in the tissues they affect, tend to originate in the left heart and are associated with valvular disease and dysrhythmias. Mitral stenosis is associated with abnormal atrial rhythm, particularly atrial fibrillation. Fibrillation and other rhythm abnormalities in the atria favour blood coagulation, resulting in production of thromboemboli which can move to distant parts of the circulation, such as the cerebral circulation. Thrombi could also form on surfaces of valves distorted by calcification and other abnormalities. In view of the risks of thromboembolism, it is usual to provide anticoagulant therapy to patients with mitral valve problems and atrial fibrillation. 

Myocardial revascularization, when obstructive coronary artery disease is causing active ischemia, or valve replacement, for aortic stenosis, can reduce risk in these select patient subgroups (80,99-107). Unfortunately, these therapies, although effective, do not eliminate the risk of death. The risk can remain high in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease who have congestive heart failure or ventricular dysfunction. 

Fig. 19.4a-d. (continued) A 57-year-old man with bicuspid aortic valve. MDCT confirms heavy valvular calcifications and demonstrated a narrowed aortic valve orifice indicating severe valvular stenosis (a-c), but normal coronary arteries (d)... 

Morino Y, Hara K, Tanabe K, et al. (2000) Retrospective analysis of cerebral complications after coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly patients. Jpn Circ J 64 46-50 Omran H, Schmidt H, Hackenbroch M, et al. (2003) Silent and apparent cerebral embolism after retrograde catheterisation of the aortic valve in valvular stenosis a prospective, randomised study. Lancet 361 1241-1246 Pichler P, Loewe C, Roedler S, et al. (2008) Detection of high-grade stenoses with multi-detector-row computed tomography in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 27 310 316... 

Tanaka H, Shimada K, Yoshida K, Jissho S, Yoshikawa J, Yoshi-yama M. (2007) The simultaneous assessment of aortic valve area and coronary artery stenosis using 16-slice multidetector-row computed tomography in patients with aortic stenosis comparison with echocardiography. Circ J 71 1593-1598... 

There also has been an explosion of therapeutic possibilities both medical and surgical. Witness the growth of closed heart surgery from closure of a patent ductus arteriosus and repair of coarctation of the aorta and mitral valvulotomy, profound hypothermia for atrial septal defect closure and pulmonary stenosis, open heart surgery, with cross-circulation and later extracorporeal circulation for valve repair and replacement, repair of complex congenital malformations and coronary artery bypass surgery and more recently the development of less invas-... 

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, producing localized reduction in the quality of arteries (stenosis), which ultimately leads to occlusion. It reduces or even stops the blood flow through affected blood vessels. Clinically, prosthetic heart-valves often fall in a very short period of time compared to mechanical valves due to mineralization and inability to endure a difficult environment, including cyclic bending stresses and high pressure transients across the valve, for long periods of time [231]. These problems have attracted a great amoimt of attention towards the development of biobased scaffolds with better mechanical performances. 

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