Arsenic syphilis

Arsenic Syphilis, ulcers, parasitic disease, acute promyelocytic leukaemia [1,14,15]... 

Although the element is a metalloid, the long, brittle, crystals have a metallic shine. The white, tasteless oxide (arsenic trioxide As203) has been famous and notorious ("inheritance powder") even after centuries traces can be found in bodies. The arsenic compound "Salvarsan" was first used by Paul Ehrlich for the treatment of syphilis — the start of chemotherapy. Popular today as a semiconducting material. Component of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and lasers. Arsenic hardens lead, used earlier in letter-press printing, today only for lead shot. 

Arsenic compounds have been used in medicine since the time of Hippocrates, ca. 400 BCE (Woolson 1975). Inorganic arsenicals have been used for centuries, and organoarsenicals for at least a century in the treatment of syphilis, yaws, amoebic dysentery, and trypanosomiasis (NAS... 

Acetarsol An organic arsenic compound, being therapeutically active when administered orally, that might be of value in the treatment of spirochaetal or protozoal diseases, for instance syphilis, yaws, relapsing fever, sleeping sickness and amoebic dysentiy. 

At the beginning of the twentieth century, arsenic compounds were used to kill spirochete bacteria, which cause the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. After this amphetamine compound was used to treat syphilis in Europe, the disease rate was reduced by more than half. The antibiotic penicillin has replaced arsenic for most medical purposes... 

The compound arsphenamine is also called compound 606 because it was the 606th arsenic compound that Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) had synthesized for use in treating diseases. His assistant found this compound to be effective as a treatment for syphilis. Ehrlich also coined the word chemotherapy. ... 

People long ago recognized that, depending on the dose, arsenic could either treat an illness or be used as a poison to cause death. Its medicinal use to treat syphilis and amebic dysentery ended with the introduction of penicillin and other antibiotics in the twentieth century. Arsenic-based compounds are currently used to treat some forms of cancer. As a poison, arsenic trioxide (As20 ) has several desirable qualities it looks like sugar, it is tasteless, and it only takes about a tenth of gram to kill some-... 

Of historical interest, arsenical antibiotics (8.107) were once used to treat syphilis and mercurial diuretics (8.108) were once used to treat edema and to promote water excretion. Due to their high toxicity, neither is currently used. 

Paul Ehrlich demonstrated the effective use of methylene blue in the treatment of malaria. He also synthesized arsenical compounds (neoarsphenamine) effective in the treatment of syphilis. The synthesis of newer and powerful antibacterial substances gave the recognition to Paul Ehrlich as the father of modern chemotherapy and awarded the Nobel prize of medicine in 1909. 

Paul Ehrlich s "magic bullet" for syphilis (arsphenamine, Salvarsan) was an arsenical. 

Arsenicals in treatment of syphilis, 597 Arsenite, reaction with thiols 596 Arseno-ribofuranoside 596s Arsenolysis 596... 

Progressively and despite abusive use, some interesting therapeutic applications began to appear in trypanosomiasis, syphilis, and blood diseases. This chapter focuses on the major applications of arsenic-based drugs from 1700 to the present day. 

The first significant organoarsenical dmg was synthesized by Pierre Antoine Bechamp (1816-1908) by chemically reacting arsenic acid with aniline [16,17]. Bechamp isolated a colorless compound that he regarded as an anilide of arsenic acid (Fig. 2a). Some 40 years after its initial synthesis, Wolferstan Thomas in Liverpool demonstrated the trypanocidal activity of atoxyl [18] and a few years later it was also used in the treatment of syphilis [19]. Hence, Bechamp s anilide began to be used to treat disease. At the same time, Ferdinand Blumenthal described... 

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