Aromatic C-H bond functionalisations

Intermolecular oxidative dimerisation of electron-poor arenes as well as electron-rich and electron-poor heterocycles proceeds in high yields in the 

4 Copper-catalysed Reactions Utilising Carbon Dioxide 

Transformation of carbon dioxide to valuable chemicals is one of the central challenges for chemists. Various transition-metal catalysts have been reported to be highly reliable in the utilisation of carbon dioxide. Some representative copper-catalysed reaction of carbon dioxide are discussed below. 

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The selective oxidative aromatic C-H bond functionalisation for new carbon-carbon bond formation is versatile, and various copper-catalysed or mediated reactions have been developed under molecular mg gen or air. For intramolecular reactions, 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles are provided by the oxidative coupling of Ar-H and C-H moieties in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of copper(ii) complex and a base (Scheme 15.51). Similar reactions are carried out catalytically with copper(ii) acetate (5 mol%) under air (Scheme 15.52). Indoline-2,3-diones (isatins) are afforded by... 

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