Arginine peptides

PyrazOle-1 -carboxamidine has been used successfully in the solid-phase peptide synthesis for converting ornithine-containing peptides into the corresponding arginine peptides.181... 

The same FRET pair was used to create a probe to monitor cathe-psins in HeLa cells [94], Since cathepsins are important in proteolysis within endosomes, it was in this case crucial to make the probe membrane-permeant. For this purpose a nona-arginine peptide was coupled to the N terminus to allow for endocytotic uptake. 

L Zervas, M Winitz, JP Greenstein. Studies on arginine peptides. I. Intermediates in the synthesis of N-terminal and C-terminal arginine peptides, (benzyl esters) J Org Chem 22, 1515, 1957. 

M Bergmann, L Zervas, H Rinke. New process for the synthesis of arginine peptides, (nitroarginine). Hoppe-Seyler s Z Physiol Chem 224, 40, 1932. 

They also investigated the localization of arginine peptide/DNA complexes in the nucleus. Earlier studies showed that there was a major barrier in nuclear transportation for nonviral gene transfer [107,108]. They used double labeled complexes with rhodamine and FITC for the determination of the nuclear transport of arginine peptide/DNA complexes. They observed the fluorescence predominantly on the extracellular surface after Ihr incubation and after 2 hr incubation, the fluorescence was found in the cytoplasm, which indicated the entry of the complexes into the cells. After 6 hr incubation, they observed the fluorescence in a perinuclear location and finally, the fluorescence was observed within the nucleus after 12 hr incubation. From this observation, they concluded that the arginine peptide/DNA complexes were transferred into the cell nucleus without the dissociation of the arginine peptide. 

Inspect the low-mass region for the ji-ion. To assign the C-terminal amino acid, the low-mass region of the spectrum is inspected to identify the yi-ion at either m/z 147, for C-terminal lysine peptides, or m/z 175 for C-terminal arginine peptides. The m/z of the yi-ion is then used to calculate the m/z of the b i-ion, and the high-mass region of the product ion spectrum is inspected to identify that ion. 

Mukherjee J.J. Dekker, E.E. Inactivation of E. Coli 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase by phenylglyoxal and identification of an active-site arginine peptide. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1992, 299, 147—153. 

FIG. 2 Structures of lipopeptidic surfactants synthesized from arginine (a) pure lauroyl-L-arginine dipeptides (b) polydisperse Al -acyl-L-arginine dipeptides (c) poly-disperse Al -acyl-L-arginine peptides. 

A -Lauroyl-L-arginine-peptides hydrochloride 11 Mixture of peptides Ci2Arg pp... 

A -Miristoyl-L-arginine-peptides hydrochloride 13 Mixture of peptides CwArg pp... 

A -Pahnitoyl-L-arginine-peptides hydrochloride 15 Mixture of peptides CisArg pp... 

TABLE 5 Amino Acid Composition of Partially Hydrolyzed Peptides (pp) and Polydisperse A -Acyl Arginine Peptides, in mols %... 

The importance of saliva in oral clearance, pH control, increased mineral ion availability and the provision of acid-neutralizing substrates such as urea and arginine peptides was considered in... 

Tosyl chloride has been used in the protection of the imidazole residue of N -acylhistidine peptides and theguanidino residue of arginine peptides. The resulting nitrogen-protecting group is stable to most conditions but is easily removable in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at 0 °C. 

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