Architecture of Membrane Systems

Membrane systems and modules are produced in a variety of architectural t5q es, as shown in Table 2.3 

Multilayered asymmetric (ceramic) membranes with an architecture as shown schematically in Fig. 2.6 are economically the most important. 

The basic concept behind such asymmetric (composite) structures is to minimise the overall hydraulic resistance of the permeate flow through the membrane structure. This requires a defect-free separation layer with small pores and as thin as possible on top of a support with large pores. 

3 Multichannel (ceramic) monolithic element with 6-18 channels, 

In most synthesis processes it is not possible to produce the thin separation layer directly on top of a support with large pores because the precursor system from which the separation layer is made will significantly penetrate the supporting pores (e.g. small particles from which small-pore membranes are made will penetrate much larger pores). This will result in a strongly increasing flow resistance. Furthermore, thin layers covering wide pores are mechanically unstable and wiU crack or peel off easily. 

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