Aralen - Chloroquine phosphate

Otioroquine and Chloroquine Phosphate. Chlor-oquine (Aralen HCI) can be considered the prototypical struclure lhal succeeded quinine and came into use in the mid-1940s. The phosphate salt (Aralen Phosphate) is used in oral dosage forms (tablets), and ihe hydrochloride. sail is administered parenierally. Until recently, chloroquine was... 

Chloroquine phosphate (aralen) is available for oral administration. Adults take 500 mg chloro-quine phosphate (300 mg base) weekly starting 1-2 weeks before entering an endemic area and continuing for 4 weeks after leaving. The pediatric dosage is 8.3 mg/kg chloroquine phosphate (5 mg base per kg, up to the maximum adult dose) taken orally by the same schedule. Note Primaquine phosphate is used to eradicate latent tissue forms of P. vivax and P. ovale and effect a radical cure after individuals leave areas endemic for these infections see Table 39-2 and text). 

Chloroquine phosphate (aralen) is available in 250- and 500-mg tablets (equivalent to 150 and 300 mg base, respectively) for oral administration. The adult dosage is two 500-mg tablets immediately, followed by one 500-mg tablet at 6, 24, and 48 hours. Tlie dosage for children is... 

Chloroquine and other aminoquinolines are used in the prophylaxis or therapy of malaria and other parasitic diseases. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are also used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs in this class include chloroquine phosphate (Aralen ), amodiaquine hydrochloride (Camoquin ), hydroxychloroquine sulfate (Plaquenil ), mefloquine (Lariam" ), primaquine phosphate, and quinacrine hydrochloride (Atabrine ). Chloroquine overdose is common, especially in countries where malaria is prevalent, and the mortality rate is 10-30%. Quinine toxicity is described on p 326. 

The adverse reactions associated witii die administration of chloroquine (Aralen HC1 and phosphate) and hydroxychloroquine include hypotension, electrocardiographic changes, visual disturbances, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. 

Acute intestinal amebic dysentery is most commonly treated with metronidazole (1, Flagyl) (Table 1). An alternative drug is iodoquinol (2, diiodohydroxyquin, diiodohydroxyquinoline [83-73-8]), which has also been used advantageously in combination with metronidazole or oxytetracydine (3, Terramycin [79-57-2]). For patients too sick to take iodoquinol orally, emetine (4) or dehydroemetine (5, 2,3-dehydroemetine) hydrochloride is administered either subcutaneously or intramusculady. The latter sometimes is followed by chloroquine (6, Aralen) phosphate or iodoquinol. Because emetine and dehydroemetine cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and inflammation at the injection site, these toxic compounds are used primarily for patients whose lives are threatened by the disease. Antibiotics, such as tetracycline (7, Achromycin [60-54-8]) and paromomycin (8, Humatin), are also effective against moderate intestinal amebiasis. 

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