Arabidopsis shikimate pathway

Fig. 3 Quaternary structures of the (a) fatty acid beta-oxidation complex of E. coli (From [12], (b) porcine fatty acid synthase (From [14]), and (c) active sites of the Arabidopsis shikimate pathway enzymes, DHQ left) and SDH (right) (From [17])...

Figure 3.1 Primary flux of carbon through phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4CL, 4-(hydroxy)cinnamoyl CoA ligase C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase C3 H, /7-coumaroylshikimate 3 -hydroxylase CCoAOMT, caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase COMT, caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid o-methyltransferase CCR, cinnamoyl CoA reductase CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. Not depicted is the HCT catalyzed synthesis of/r-coumaroyl quinate.

More complex shikimate derivatives have also been produced. One example is the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative hydroxycinnamoyl anthranilates (also known as avenanthramides or Avns). The production was first shown from feeding of cinnamates and anthranilates, but the entire pathway from glucose was also demonstrated by using feedback-resistant AroG and TyrA as well as exogenous 4-coumarate CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thcdiana and hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyl-CoA/anthranilate Af-hydroxycinnamoyl/ benzoyltransferase from Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) [43]. 

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