Aqueous fixation method

Ultrastructural studies of airway mucus and alveolar surfactant have been compromised by difficulties of preservation. By conventional aqueous fixation methods, the extracellular fluid lining is dissolved in the fixative more quickly than it can be stabilized. These techniques consist of either instilling the aqueous fixatives through the airways or by immersing small sections of tissue directly into the solution. This process causes the surface film to break up and to be washed away. Better preservation of the surface film was achieved by Weibel and Gil... 

For practical use, it would be inconvenient to use liquid electrodes. It is useful to stabilize the non-aqueous phase. For the classical macroscopic design, different fixation methods are in use (Fig. 7.6). Very common are thin films of soft PVC. The softeners which are traditional additives in PVC technology are highly viscous hquids with a high boiling point. They have proved to be... 

Dyeing from Organic Solvents. Chlorinated hydrocarbons, in particular, have been recommended as a medium for continuous or batch dyeing of acetate and PES fibers. For continuous dyeing, dye application from either chlorinated hydrocarbons or an aqueous liquor with fixation in solvent vapor is possible. This method is disfavored for ecological and toxicological reasons [82, p. 676],... 

Shinkai s group applied another method for the chiral spatial fixation of two porphyrins via peripheral substitution at the corresponding meso-position with boronic acid residue [67,68]. Thus, anionic 25 and cationic 26 formed an optically active 1 1 complex only in the presence of glucose and xylose in aqueous solution as a result of the boronic acid binding to the sac-... 

NC, USA) and Cytyc (Marlboro, MA, USA). When several different spectral cytology fixatives were tested, the fixation of individual exfoliated cells was shown to cause relatively small spectral changes, in contrast to earlier reports where there was a heavy dependence on fixation [14]. (These results are presented in Section 5.3.1.) As the present cytology procedures involved use of the SurePath method, a SurePath preservative fiuid was used as fixative this was an aqueous solution containing ca. 25% ethanol and a few percent of isopropanol and methanol. 

Mn-doped CdS nanoparticle formation (and fixation in xerogels) has been reported by Counio et ai [355]. As in several other cases, the two-microemulsion method was used for sulfide formation. The basic system was AOT/heptane and the two microemulsions contained aqueous solutions of (i) Cd(N03)2 + Mn(N03)2 and (ii) Na2S the concentrations (mol/1) were [Cd ] = 0.20, [Mn T = 0.12, [S ] = 0.38. Microemulsion (i) was added to (ii) of equal volume for synthesis and pyridine added to cap the particles and avoid agglomeration. The capped particles were washed with petroleum ether to remove AOT, dispersed in pyridine and the dispersion mixed with a sol obtained from CH3Si(OC2H5)3 for fabrication of bulk disks or thin films with entrapped CdS Mn (1-2 nm). 

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