Aqueous cleaning agents

This is a pun based on the description of aqueous cleaning agents with low surface tension. It is that they easily wet surfaces and leave little residue when rinsing is completed. 

Useful life for an aqueous cleaning machine is only 3 to 5 years at best) because of the generally corrosive character of aqueous cleaning agents. 

II. In Ref. 1, Chapter 4.12.3 one can read an explanation of why continuous purging of soiled solvent (or aqueous cleaning agent) to a purification (or treatment) unit is a procedure which produces the highest possible quality of cleaning. 

Table 3.1a Types of Semi-Aqueous Cleaning Agents (SAs) ...

Simplicity in the management of disposal of fugitive cleaning agents can be clearly and favorably contrasted with the complexity of management of disposal of spent aqueous cleaning agents. 

Ammonia is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapour pressure of 114 psig (7.9 bar) at 21°C. Uses are to be found in refrigeration, fertilizer production, metal industries, the petroleum, chemical and rubber industries, domestic cleaning agents and water purification. Aqueous solutions of ammonia are common alkaline laboratory reagents ca 0.88 solution is the strongest available. Ammonia gas is expelled on warming. 

Polycarboxylated polyalkoxylates and their sulfate derivatives may be prepared by reacting an ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol with a water-soluble, alkali or earth alkali metal salt of an unsaturated carboxylic acid [339]. The reaction occurs in aqueous solution in the presence of a free radical initiator and gives products of enhanced yield and reduced impurity levels, compared with the essentially anhydrous reactions with free carboxylic acids, which have been used otherwise. The method provides products that give solutions that are clear on neutralization, remain clear and homogeneous on dilution, and are useful as cleaning agents in drilling and other oil field operations. 

Fig. 4.19 is a cross-section the actual micelle structure is three-dimensional. The assembled structure is completely nonregular rapid exchange between micelle molecules and monomeric soluble molecules occurs. Therefore, a micelle can be regarded as a disordered dynamic supramolecular assembly. In a micellar structure, the hydrophilic part of the component molecule is located on the outer surface of the micelle, in contact with the aqueous phase, which minimizes the unfavorable contact of the hydrophobic part with water. Micelles can trap organic materials hke oils in the inner hydrophobic core, so micelle formation is used in many cleaning agents. 

The selection of an aqueous cleaning system is simplified if only water alone, or water and a commodity chemical alone, are used. The cleaning performance can be somewhat predicted based on solubility characteristics (at the appropriate pH) or by consideration of the peptizing performance of alkalinity on protein or the oxidizing action of sodium hypochlorite on denatured protein. In the case of formulated multifunctional cleaning agents, the performance is more... 

Sodium hydrogen sulfate is used as a cleaning agent, due to its water solubility and the acidity of its aqueous solutions, as a flux, in the textile industry and for the treatment of metal surfaces. 

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