APUD concept

Said SI (1976) Evidence for secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide by tumours of pancreas, adrenal medulla, thyroid and lung Support for the unifying APUD concept. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 5 Suppl 201S-204S. 

Pearse AGE. The diffuse neuroendocrine system An extension of the APUD concept. In Taylor S, ed. Endocrinology. London Heinemann 1972 145-222. 

The APUD concept of a diffuse neuroendocrine system has been defined as follows by A.G.E.Pearse [in Centrally Acting Peptides, J. Hughes (ed.), MacMillan, 1978] The cells of the APUD series, producing peptides active as hormones or as neurotransmitters, are all derived from neuroendocrine-programed cells originating from the ectoblast. They constitute a third (endocrine or neuroendocrine) division of the nervous system whose cells act as third line effectors to support, modulate or amplify the action of neurons in the somatic and autonomic divisions, and possibly as tropins to both neuronal and non-neuronal cells . 

Summarized in Pearse AGE, Takor T. Neuroendocrine embryology and the APUD concept. Clin Endocrinol 5 swpxA) 229s-2AA, 1976. 

Pearse AGE. The diffuse neuroendocrine system and the APUD concept Related endocrine peptides in brain, intestine, pituitary, placenta, and aneurin cutaneous glands. Med Biol 55 5- 25, 1977. 

Source Pearse AGE. The cytochemistry and ultrastructure of polypeptide hormone-producing cells of the APUD series and the embryologic, physiologic and pathologic implications of the concept. 

The G Cell, 233 G Cells in Disease, 234 Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis, 235 The A PUD Concept, 236 A Common Origin for APUD Cells , 236... 

Based on the concept of APUD, the C- and F-labeled amine precursors l-DOPA and 5-HTP have been utilized for imaging of NET. 

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