Magnetic field, applied

Hall effect If a current (I) is passed through a conducting crystal in a direction perpendicular to that of an applied magnetic field (H), the conductor develops a potential (V) between the faces which are mutually perpendicular to both the direction of the current and the magnetic field. This is known as the Hall effect the magnitude of the potential difference is given by... 

The influence of an applied magnetic field, as introduced in section Bl.5.2.2. is quite different from that of an applied electric field. A magnetic field may perturb the interfacial nonlinear response (and that of the weak bulk tenns), but it does not lead to any dipole-allowed bulk nonlmear response. Thus, in the presence of magnetic fields and magnetization, SHG remains a probe that is highly specific to surfaces and interfaces. It... 

The large static applied magnetic field (Bq) produces the Zeeman interaction (= where is the z-... 

The original method employed was to scan eitiier the frequency of the exciting oscillator or to scan the applied magnetic field until resonant absorption occiined. Flowever, compared to simultaneous excitation of a wide range of frequencies by a short RF pulse, the scanned approach is a very time-inefficient way of recording the spectrum. Flence, with the advent of computers that could be dedicated to spectrometers and efficient Fourier transfomi (FT) algoritluns, pulsed FT NMR became the nomial mode of operation. 

Figure Bl.12.13. MAS NMR spectra from kyanite (a) at 17.55 T along with the complete simulation and the individual components, (b) simulation of centreband lineshapes of kyanite as a fiinction of applied magnetic field, and tire satellite transitions showing (c) the complete spiimmg sideband manifold and (d) an expansion of individual sidebands and their simulation.

Classically, the interaction energy of a magnetic moment pg in an applied magnetic field B is... 

When the applied magnetic field is swept to bring the sample into resonance, MW power is absorbed by the sample. This changes the matching of the cavity to the waveguide and some power is now reflected and passes via the circulator to the detector. This reflected radiation is thus the EPR signal. 

Chemical shifts are expressed in S units ppm of applied magnetic field with internal TMS peak as reference. 

The third quantum number m is called the magnetic quantum number for it is only in an applied magnetic field that it is possible to define a direction within the atom with respect to which the orbital can be directed. In general, the magnetic quantum number can take up 2/ + 1 values (i.e. 0, 1,. .., /) thus an s electron (which is spherically symmetrical and has zero orbital angular momentum) can have only one orientation, but a p electron can have three (frequently chosen to be the jc, y, and z directions in Cartesian coordinates). Likewise there are five possibilities for d orbitals and seven for f orbitals. 

It is perfectly diamagnetic, i.e. it completely excludes applied magnetic fields. This is the Meissner effect and is the reason why a superconductor can levitate a magnet. 

The NMR chart is calibrated in delta units (5), where 15=1 ppm of spectrometer frequency. Tetramethylsilane (TMS) is used as a reference point because it shows both 1H and 13C absorptions at unusually high values of the applied magnetic field. The TMS absorption occurs at the right-hand (upfield) side of the chart and is arbitrarily assigned a value of 0 5. 

Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) has yielded valuable information about dynamics of long-lived pholoexcitations of conjugated polymers. The technique relies upon the paramagnetic interaction of excitations with an applied magnetic field. For a particle with non-zero spin, placed in a magnetic field, the Hamiltonian is ... 

There appears to be evidence from certain university laboratories that, although applied magnetic fields do not interact directly with... 

If a spinning electron behaved like a spinning ball, the axis of spin could point in any direction. The electron would behave like a bar magnet that could have any orientation relative to the applied magnetic field. In that case, a broad band of silver atoms should appear at the detector, because the field would push the silver atoms by different amounts according to the orientation of the spin. Indeed, that is exactly what Stem and Gerlach observed when they first carried out the experiment. 

Here and H describe radicals A and B of the radical pair and He the interaction of their electrons. The other terms in equation (15) are H g, the spin orbit coupling term, H g and Hgj, representing the interaction of the externally applied magnetic field with the electron spin and nuclear spin, respectively Hgg is the electron spin-spin interaction and Hgi the electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction. 

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