Magnetization, versus applied field data

FIGURE 27 (A) Magnetization (emu/g) versus temperature for a La( C82 powder sample containing solvent molecules, measured at an applied field of 5 T (B) Inverse susceptibility data as a function of temperature using the data (A). 

Fig. 1. Magnetization versus temperature for C6o(TDAE),f measured upon cooling and subsequent warming in an applied field of — 1 Oe (O) and 100 Oe ( ). The 1-Oe data were multiplied by 10 to give the same ordinate values as the lOO-Oe data. Note disappearance of curvature below 10 K at high field. Data were not corrected for the sample holder or for demagnetizing effects.

Figure 26.6 Faraday rotation (crosses) versus external applied field on a Y-Fe20s nanocomposite measured at 789 nm. The data are superimposed on the magnetization curve...

Values for AE obtained from this analysis are plotted versus applied magnetic field at 2 and 4.2 K for these Mn2+ CdS nanocrystals in Fig. 32. AE was then analyzed using a model in which spatial distributions of Mn2+ ions within nanocrystals as well as the reduced magnetization from dimer superexchange up to the third-nearest-neighbor shell were taken into account explicitly. Dopants were assumed to be distributed throughout the nanocrystals statistically. Fitting the data within this model (dashed lines in Fig. 32) yielded a Mn2+ concentration of 0.16%. From this concentration, the QDs were estimated to contain an... 

By plotting a against temperature for the four fields studied,9 H = 0.05, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 Tesla, one finds qualitatively similar features to previous data (see e.g., Ref. 10), but also certain features that rule out d-wave pairing, and which provide clues regarding the extrinsic effects (i.e., effects not directly associated with the gap function symmetry) that play a role in shaping them. Specifically, these data show (i) a distinctive inflection point in cr(T,H) versus temperature near T 20 K, which is most evident at intermediate fields (i.e., H=1.0 and 3.0 Tesla), and is reminiscent of earlier data on Bi2Sr2CaCu20g,4 and (ii) a non-monotonic dependence of the quantity 0,H) on applied magnetic field H. These two effects cannot be adequately explained with either an. v-wavc or a d-wave model alone. 

Fig. 5. a) Isothermal magnetization versus applied magnetic field, from 200 to 400 K, at a 1 K temperature step and 100 Oe field step and b) Isomagnetic H/T versus 1 /T plot, of data from the molecular mean-field model, from M = 5 emu/g (dark blue line) to M = 75 emu/g (orange line), with a 5 emu/g step. 

Kroll et al. used X-band spectral/spatial EPRI together with pH-sensitive nitroxide probes to study the microacidity of rat and human skin biopsies. A dose of nitroxide solution was placed on the skin surface and allowed to penetrate into the sample prior to the commencement of EPRI measurements. Magnetic field gradients were applied perpendicular to the skin surface, in order to allow spatial discrimination within the various layers of the skin. Local pH was deduced from the spectral axis of the spectral/spatial data, by determination of the hyperfine coupling constant, which is pH-sensitive in these compounds. Plots of pH versus depth into the skin could be produced, and the shape of the curves was found to change under the influence of topical drug treatment. This preliminary study showed the potential for one-dimensional pH imaging in the skin, a tool that is likely to be of use to the pharmaceutical industry. 

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