Applications Ziegler-Natta catalysts

The first example of homogeneous transition metal catalysis in an ionic liquid was the platinum-catalyzed hydroformylation of ethene in tetraethylammonium trichlorostannate (mp. 78 °C), described by Parshall in 1972 (Scheme 5.2-1, a)) [1]. In 1987, Knifton reported the ruthenium- and cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation of internal and terminal alkenes in molten [Bu4P]Br, a salt that falls under the now accepted definition for an ionic liquid (see Scheme 5.2-1, b)) [2]. The first applications of room-temperature ionic liquids in homogeneous transition metal catalysis were described in 1990 by Chauvin et al. and by Wilkes et ak. Wilkes et al. used weekly acidic chloroaluminate melts and studied ethylene polymerization in them with Ziegler-Natta catalysts (Scheme 5.2-1, c)) [3]. Chauvin s group dissolved nickel catalysts in weakly acidic chloroaluminate melts and investigated the resulting ionic catalyst solutions for the dimerization of propene (Scheme 5.2-1, d)) [4]. 

Keli, T., Doi, Y. Synthesis of Living Polyolefins with Soluble Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Application to Block Copolymerization. Vol. 73/74, pp. 201 —248. 

Transition metal polymerization catalysts have stimulated tremendous efforts in academic research resulting in numerous industrial applications. Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts have been used for the synthesis of tailor-... 

Polyethylene polymers history of, 17 701-702 simulations of, 16 747 Polyethylene products, Ziegler-Natta catalysts for, 26 540-543 Polyethylene resins, 17 700-703 applications for, 17 703 Polyethylenes, classification of, 17 701t. 

Metallocenes give polyethylene producers a long list of opportunities to work on. They have already created polyethylene copolymers that compete well in applications that have been formerly the exclusive domain of the more costly, so-called high value plastics. Further, they are augmenting the chromium oxide and Ziegler-Natta catalysts systems that have been used for HDPE and LLDPE with metallocene catalysts. That creates even further... 

Synthesis of Living Polyolefins with Soluble Ziegler-Natta Catalysts and Application to Block Copolymerization... 

The first example of Iiving polyolefin with a uniform chain length was found in the low-temperature polymerization of propylene with the soluble catalyst composed of V(acac)3 and Al(C1Hi)2Cl. The mechanism of the living coordination polymerization is discussed on the basis of the kinetic and stereochemical data. Subsequently, some applications of living polypropylene are introduced to prepare tailor-made polymers such as terminally functionalized polymers and block copolymers which exhibit new characteristic properties. Finally, new types of soluble Ziegler-Natta catalysts are briefly surveyed in connection with the synthesis of living polyolefins. 

Friebe, L., Nuyken, O. and Obrecht, W. Neodymium Based Ziegler/Natta Catalysts and their Application in Diene Polymerization. Vol. 204, pp. 1-154. 

Neodymium Based Ziegler/Natta Catalysts and their Application... 

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