Applications organotin compounds

H. G. Kuivila in. . Zuckerman, ed., Organotin Compounds—New Chemistry and Applications, Advances in Chemistry Series No. 157, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1976, p. 41. 

Tin is unsurpassed by any other metal in the multiplicity of applications of its organometallic compounds. The first organotin compound was made in 1849 but large-scale applications have developed only recently indeed, world production figures for organotin compounds increased more than 700-fold between 1950 and 1980 ... 

The disproportionation reactions of organotin compounds may also be regarded as alkylations by organometallic compiounds, as they involve transfer of an alkyl group from one tin atom to another. An ingenious application of this has been described in which a,ct>-distannanes are caused to disproportionate into the corresponding tetraalkyltins and 1,1-dialkyIstannacycloalkanes (65). 

Applications of " Sn Mossbauer Spectroscopy to the Study of Organotin Compounds, 9, 21... 

Applications Since the introduction of commercial GC-MIP-AES systems, organometallic analysis can be performed routinely, e.g. for speciation of organotin compounds used as PVC stabilisers [356], The hyphenated GC-AED technique can be used to improve the efficiency of additive analysis. While on the one hand... 

In recent years considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of new organotin monomers and polymers and in their application in various branches of technology. The ever increasing interest in organotin compounds including organotin polymers may be attributed to their unique properties and the possibility to develop novel materials with specified characteristics. 

The appreciable advances in the field of organotin compounds are associated with the elucidation of their mechanisms of formation, detection of new properties and their application as biocides, stabilizers, antifouling, and antimicrobic coatings, etc. 

Recent survey articles 61,62) are mainly concerned with the synthesis, properties and applications of carbon-chain organotin polymers and with the use of organotin compounds in polymer chemistry as stabilizers, fungicides, etc. It should particularly be noted that polymers on the basis of trialkylstannyl methacrylates exhibit biocide properties. 

Elsewhere in The Chemistry of Functional Groups series appears a brief discussion on the stages in the lifetime of chemicals2. Organotin compounds are usually very toxic and they constitute a potential source of harmful pollution with both acute and longterm effects. Increasing concern with environmental and occupational issues has also contributed to the development of analytical methods. Table 1 lists organotin compounds that have found industrial application with references to occupational protection protocols where analytical methods for the particular compound can be found. 

TABLE 7. Industrial applications of organotin compounds (modified from Reference 32)... 

Piver, W.T. 1973. Organotin compounds industrial applications and biological investigation. Environ. Health Perspect. 4 61-79. 

Applications of organotin compounds have been progressively restricted by environmental considerations the major use continues to be in PVC stabilization, and the monoalkyl tin compounds are being increasingly used for coating glass with Sn02. 

Saxena, A.K. (1987). Organotin compounds toxicity and biomedicinal applications, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 1, 39-56. 

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