Applications of metabolomics

The diversity of chemical compounds has been used directly for centuries for direct classification. Initially, these classifications grouped organisms by their use or their danger to humans and said nothing of phylogenetic or evolutionary relationships [WIN 99]. The use of secondary metabolites as taxonomic characteristics developed with the advance of chromatography, giving birth to a research discipline named chemotaxonomy. To undertake taxonomy from secondary metabolites also poses difficulties secondary 

Study of the regulation and evolution of metabolic/ biosynthesis pathways 

The detection of a marked metabolite after an in vivo metabolization step helps to highlight the incorporation of this precursor in the described 

Feeding experiments i7oi rmafion precursors J eaffiut hffpotheses 

This approach helps to identify compounds or biosynthesis pathways, which constitute apomorphies (characters derived from a common ancestor and present in all members of a monophyletic clade) or homoplasies (evolutionary convergence developed independently in different taxonomic groups or non-inherited characters of a common ancestor, defining a polyphyletic group). 

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Application of Metabolomics to Cardiovascular and Renal Disease Biomarker Discovery... 

An industry leader in the application of metabolomics in the discovery of biomarkers is Metabolon, based in the Research Triangle Park of North Carolina. Their... 

As an example of the application of metabolomics, we will refer to the substrates of the enzyme fatty acyl amide hydrolase (FAAH) that regulates several brain lipids that have interesting pharmacological properties including effects on the control of pain. It is well known that some fatty acyl amides of ethanolamine are substrates of FAAH, such as the ethanolamide of arachidonic acid (anandamide), which is an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors. 

Examples of Application of Metabolomics in Analysis of Low Amounts of Metabolites... 

Although the coining of the term metabolomics has been relatively new, an explosion of publications has occurred in this field plus a realization that many researchers already were doing similar studies, albeit without an -omic tag before the word. It has not been possible to review all the applications of metabolomics fully, and the applications will increase. In addition to the development of new applications, the development of the analytical approaches will also take center stage as researchers push back the limits of detection of NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and other analytical approaches. In addition to these wet lab developments, both the pattern recognition approaches used to process metabolomics and the metabolomic databases used to identify metabolites need to be developed or expanded. In this respect, an excellent place to start on the arduous journey to biomarker discovery through metabolomics is the current metabolomic databases found on the web that make standard spectra freely available (68-70). 

Wishart DS (2008) Applications of metabolomics in drug discovery and development. Drugs RD9(5) 307-322... 

There has been a growing application of metabolomics to wine yeast and fermentation as more people have recognized the power of these techniques. One application of metabolomics has been to study the interactions of yeast during fermentation. Howell et al. (2006) used metabolic profiling to study how multiple strains of Saccharomyces spp. grown together in grape juice affect the flavor and aroma compotmds in the fermented wine. 

Griffin, J.L. and Rosiers, C.D., Applications of metabolomics and proteomics to the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Lessons from downstream of the transciiptome. Genome Med., 1,32, 2009. 

R502 S. Tyagi, S. U. Raghvendra, T. Kalra and K. Munjal, Applications of Metabolomics - a Systematic Study of the Unique Chemical Fingerprints An Overview , Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., [online computer file], 2010,... 

More recently, the application of metabolomics to study the metabolite composition of fecal samples has appeared in the literature (Vitali et al., Jacobs et al. 2007). This method has proven to be a useful mode of assessing gut microbiota activity. Collection of fecal samples should be performed in a controlled fashion to minimize unwanted variation. 

D. Schwarz, I. Orf, J. Kopka and M. Hagemann, Recent Applications of Metabolomics toward Cyanobacteria, Metabolites, 2013, 3, 72. 

P. Mlynarz, W. Barg, S. Deja and R. Jankowska, Applications of Metabolomic... 

Functional ecology is a field of application of metabolomics. It generally accompanies an Omics type of combined approaches and is made possible by a certain understanding of chemical and molecular processes driving the physiology of a species and its biotic interactions. In fact, the change of scale linked to the transfer of studies from the laboratory to the natural environment induces different levels of complexity, such as ... 

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