Applications of Bioremediation

The general principles have been reviewed in Chapter 12, and some procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of remediation in Chapter 13. These contain illustrations of the application to many of the contaminants that are discnssed in this chapter. Brief comments are given on the pathways of biodegradation to illuminate the discnssion further details may be found in Chapters 7 through 10. 

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These results clearly indicate the existence of a number of issues that must be resolved in the application of bioremediation to PAH-contaminated soils, and that caution should be exercised in making generalizations. 

Oxygenate-degrading microorganisms are typically slow growing and may not be present natively at all sites pilot or treatability studies may be needed to confirm the applicability of bioremediation at a specific site. 

Perei, K., Polyak, B., Bagyinka, Cs., Bodrossy, F. and Kovacs, K. F. (1995) Selected applications of bioremediation in hazardous waste treatment. NATO ASI Series, 2. Environment -Vol. 1. Clean-up of Former Soviet Military Installations (Eds. Herndon, R. C., Richtei P. I. Moerlins, J. E., Kuperberg, J. M., Biczo, 1. F., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 87-95. 

Preformed micro emulsions can also be used for soil decontamination. The application of bioremediation with microemulsions containing nutrients for oil spills is already a well-known technology [84, 85] and is also proposed for in situ treatment of DNAPL sites [86]. Studies on contaminant extraction, however, are less frequent. In most cases, these systems have been discussed and investigated for adsorbed or highly viscous contaminants which can only be solubilised. Enhancement of solubilisation in micro emulsions compared with surfactant solutions was found for pyrene [87] and patented for ex situ treatment of contaminated soil [88]. An interesting cost-effective variation uses partially sulphated castor oil [89]. 

The application of bioremediation treatment for oil poUnted soil and gronndwater... 

WT Frankenberger Jr, ME Losi. Applications of bioremediation in the cleanup of heavy metals and metalloids. In Bioremediation Science and Applications. Soil Sci Soc Am Special Pub 43, 1995, pp 173-210. 

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