Apatite isotopic ratios

The 8 C values of the Preclassic humans at Cuello (Table 2.1) average -12.9 0.9%o (n = 28) in collagen, -9.8 1.0 in bone apatite (n = 16), and -8.7 2.3%o in tooth enamel apatite (n = 33) the S N values in collagen average 8.9 1.0%o (n = 23). The discrepancy in the number of specimens is due to the fact that more teeth were available than post-cranial material, while some of the specimens contained insufficient collagen to measure the nitrogen isotope ratios. Additional bone apatite analyses are in progress. 

Lee-Thorp, J.A., Sealy, J.C. and van der Merwe, N.J. 1989 Stable carbon isotope ratio differences between bone collagen and bone apatite, and their relationship to diet. Journal of Archaeological Science 16 585-599. 

Schoeninger, M.J. and DeNiro, M.J. 1982 Carbon isotope ratios of apatite from bone cannot be used to reconstruct diets of animals. Nature 297 577-578. 

Carhon isotope ratios of hone apatite and animal diet reconstruction. Nature 301 ... 

William Schopf studied supercrustal rock samples from Akilia Raman and ion microscopic photographs showed the presence of carbon-containing inclusions in grains of apatite. The carbon isotope ratio was determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) the 813C value was -29% 4%, in agreement with earlier analyses. This in turn confirmed the values obtained by Mojzsis (1996), which had been questioned by Lepland et al. three years later. The final verdict on the oldest fossils in western Greenland may not be reached for several years yet (McKeegan et al., 2007 Eiler, 2007). 

Lipids form a minor part of the carbon content of herbivore diets As a result, despite the fact that they are used primarily for energy metabolism, their abundance is not sufficient to greatly influence the isotopic composition of blood bicarbonate For this reason, the isotopic composition of lipids will not significantly affect the isotopic ratio of carbon in bone apatite ... 

Differences in stable carbon isotope ratios between the apatite and collagen... 

Decoupling between He and Ne is also required, since only MORE He isotope ratios are observed in the apatites. Also, Matsumoto et al. (2000) subsequently reported similar Ne characteristics in a garnet pyroxenite with MORE He/ He ratios. Since all the Ne data do overlap with MORE Ne when two sigma errors are considered (rather than the one sigma errors routinely reported for noble gas analyses), the possibility that there is hotspot Ne in the xenoliths idea requires confirmation. 

Ericson JE, Sullivan CH, Boaz NT (1981) Diets of Pliocene mammals from Omo, Ethiopia, deduced from carbon isotopic ratios in tooth apatite. Palaeogeog Palaeoclim Palaeoecol 36 69-73 Ericson JE (1985) Strontium isotope characterization in the study of prehistoric human ecology. J Human Evol 14 503-514... 

Lee-Thorp JA, Sealy JC, van der Merwe NJ (1989) Stable carbon isotope ratio differences between bone collagen and bone apatite, and their relationship to diet. J Archaeol Sci 16 585-599 Lee-Thorp JA, van der Merwe NJ, Brain CK (1994) Diet of Australopithecus robustus at Swartkrans from stable carbon isotopic analysis. J Human Evol 27 361-372 Lindars ES, Grimes ST, Mattey DP, Collinson ME, Hooker JJ, Jones TP (2001) Phosphate 5 0 determination of modem rodent teeth by direct laser fluorination An appraisal of methodology and potential application to palaeoclimate reconstmction. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 65 2535-2548 Linder HP (1986) The evolutionary history of the Poales/Restionales—A hypothesis. Kew Bull 42 297-318... 

Thackeray JF, van der Merwe NJ, Lee-Thorp JA, Sillen A, Lanham JL, Smith R, Keyser A, Monteiro PMS (1990) Changes in carbon isotope ratios in the Late Permian recorded in therapsid tooth apatite. Nature... 

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