Antiviral compounds alkaloids

Chapleur, Y, Chretien, F, Khaldi, M, Recent developments in the enantiospecific synthesis of Amaryllidacae alkaloids. In Antibiotics and Antiviral Compounds, Krohn, K, Kirst, E and Maas, H, Eds., Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 380-388, 1993. 

Marine sponges have been shown to be a prolific source of anti-HSV alkaloids. Dragmacidin F, Fig. (6) is a new antiviral bromoindole alkaloid isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Halicortex spp. collected from the south coast of Ustica Island, Italy [56]. This compound. 

Several studies were undertaken in order to investigate in more detail the nature of the antiviral compounds and their mechanisms of action. Structures of active pure compounds have been determined as PS, steroids, aminoacid derivatives, diterpenes, lipids and alkaloids. 

Perry, N. B., Ettouati, L., litaudon, M., Blunt, J. W, Munro, M. H. G. Alkaloids from the antarctic sponge Kirkpatrickia varialosa. Part 1 variolin B, a new antitumour and antiviral compound. Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 3987-3992. 

Marine-Derived Antiviral Peptides, Alkaloids, Proteins, Nucleosides and Other N-Containing Compounds... 

Perry, N.B. Ettouati, L. Litaudon, M. Blunt, J.W. Munro, M. H.G. Parkin, S. Hope, H. Alkaloids from Antarctic Sponge Kirkpatrickia variolosa. Part 1 Variolin B, a New Antitumor and Antiviral Compound. Tetrahedron. 1994, 50, 3987-3792. 

Fused tetracyclic and pentacyclic alkaloids constitute a relatively new class of natural products isolated mostly from ascidians and sponges. Cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antiviral activities have been reported for many of these compounds. The manzamine alkaloids, Fig. (33) are characterized by a complex pentacyclic diamine linked to C-l of P-carboline moiety. Manzamine have been isolated mainly from six different genera of marine sponges Haliclona, Pellina, Xestospongia, Ircinia, Pachypellin and Amphimedon. 

Besides their activity mediated by neurotransmitter receptors, clavine alkaloids also possess antibiotic and cytostatic activities. The antibiotic activity of EA was ascribed to inhibition of nucleic acid replicatory processes [32]. The antineo-plastic and antiviral activity of various heterocycles could be augmented by their N-ribosylation. The preparation of N-ribosides of EA could form analogous compounds to nucleosides with the aglycon possessing both neuro-humoral and cytostatic activity. 

The plant alkaloid [194] castanospermine 4 was discovered to inhibit HIV syncytium formation and virus replication [195]. Activity could be improved in vitro by a factor of 40, employing the corresponding 6-0-butanoyl derivative 73 [196]. Unfortunately, it turned out that the latter did not show any significant benefits in vivo [197], pointing to the fact that the beneficial butanoyl group is cleaved by nonspecific hydrolysis by esterases or lipases before the compound reaches the desired place of antiviral action. Castanospermine was also found to be active against the measles virus... 

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