Antithrombotic drugs history

Given that VTE can be debilitating or fatal, it is important to treat it quickly and aggressively.8 On the other hand, because major bleeding induced by antithrombotic drugs can be equally harmful, it is important to avoid treatment when the diagnosis is not reasonably certain. Assessment of the patient s status should focus on the search for risk factors in the patient s medical history... 

Of the many drugs used as prophylactic antithrombotic agents, heparin has a long history as therapy for both DVT and pulmonary embolism (PE). Many studies have shown that in moderate and high risk patients, heparin can prevent postoperative DVT and PE (4,19-21). Now, with the introduction of LMWHs, these benefits can be had together with easier dosing and potentially less risk of bleeding. 

The history of utilization of the earthworm as a therapeutic drug source for various diseases extends back for several thousand years in China and other parts of the Far East. However, practical pharmacological studies have not been performed except on lumbrofebrin as an antifebrile. The lyophilized powder of the earthworm L. rubellus is administered orally to rats and dogs and its fibrinolytic and antithrombotic effects are investigated [1], Experiments in an arteriole-venous shunt model of rats show that the thrombus weight decreased significantly [74]. These results support that earthworm powder is valuable for prevention and/or treatment of thrombosis conditions. 

Whether there is a history of previous seizure, diabetes, warfarin or antithrombotic medication ( blood thinners ) use, prior stroke or hemorrhage, prior transient ischemic attack (TIA), prior myocardial infarction (MI), drug abuse, trauma, head or neck pain. 

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