Antisludging agent

Fortunately, certain surfactants are quite effective in preventing the formation of sludge. As mentioned earlier, a proper iron control agent (reducing agent) may help to prevent or reduce sludge formation when included in combination with the proper antisludge surfactant. 

Acid/crude oil fluid-compatibility tests should be conducted to demonstrate whether an antisludging agent will be needed. This testing should also be used to determine the surfactant and iron control agent types and concentrations required. 

A clay stabilizer is often recommended for the purpose of preventing migration and/or swelling of clays following an acid treatment. Common clay stabilizers are either polyquaternary amines or polyamines. Polyquaternary amines are considered to be the most effective. A clay stabilizer is most effective when added to the overflush only. In fact, it is not necessary to add a clay stabilizer to acid, although that is where it is most commonly included. 

It would make more sense to inject a clay stabilizer at the preflush stage, prior to HF injection, to protect clays during the initial ion exchange. In addition, HF reduces the tendency of the clay stabilizer to adsorb on clay surfaces. Therefore, it is considered to be sufficient and most cost-effective to include a clay stabilizer, if one is to be used, at the overflush stage. 

The effective clay stabilizer concentration range is 0.1%-2.0% (0.1%-0.4% is recommended). 

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Use Antioxidant and antisludging agent for petroleum oils, extreme-pressure lubricating oils and greases, silicone oils. 

Nonemulsifier/demulsifier Antisludging agent Clay stabilizer Fines-stabilizing agent Foaming agent... 

Note The following acid additives are required corrosion inhibitor, iron control agent, surfactant, nonemulsitier, and antisludging agent. 

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