Antisense research

Nielsen P.E., Egholm M., Berg R. H., Buchardt O. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) oligonucleotide analogs with a polyamide backbone. In Antisense Research and Applications. Crooke S.T., Le-BLBu B. (Eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton,... 

Nicklin PL, Craig SJ, Phillips JA, In Antisense Research and Application (Ed. Crooke ST), pp. 141-168. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1998. 

Several other types of backbone modification have also been proposed, which produce nuclease-resistant oligos. Of these, a-oligos have been extensively studied. In a-oligos the base is transposed from the natural P-orientation to the unnatural a-orientation to form a parallel duplex with target sequence. This parallel duplex is nuclease-resistant, but does not elicit RNase H activity (Cazenave et al., 1989). These modifications have generated limited interest and application in antisense research. 

Agrawal, S. and Zhang, R. (1998) Pharmacokinetics and bioavailabihty of oligonucleotides following oral and colorectal administrations in experimental animals. In S.Crooke (ed.) Antisense Research and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 525-543. 

Crooke, S.T. (1998a) Antisense Research and Applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

Nechers, L.M. (1993) Cellular internalization of oligodeoxynucleotides. In S.T.Crooke and B.Lebleu (eds) Antisense Research and Applications, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, pp. 451M60. 

Freier, S. (1993) Hybridization considerations affecting antisense drugs. In B.Lebleu and S.T.Crooke (eds.) Antisense Research and Applications. CRC, Boca Raton, pp. 67-82. 

Nicklin, P.L., S.J. Craig, and J.A. Phillips. 1998. Pharmacokinetic properties of phos-phorothioates in animals - absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. In Crooke, S.T. (Ed.), Antisense Research and Applications. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 141-168. 

Levin AA, Monteith DK, Leeds JM, Nicklin PL, Geary RS, Butler M, Templin MV, Henry SP. Toxicity of oligodeoxynucleotide therapeutic agents. In Crooke ST, ed. Antisense Research and Application. Heidelberg Springer, 1998 169-215. 

Antisense Research and Applications, Crooke, S. T. and Lebleu, B, Eds CRC Press Boca Raton, 1993. 

Monoharan M (1993) Designer antisense oligonucletides conjugation chemistry and fuctionality placement. In Crooke ST, Lebleau B (eds) Antisense research and applications., CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 303... 

Y. S. Sanghvi and P. D. Cook, Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research, ACS Symposium Series580, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994. 

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