Antipsychotic drugs observational studies

Cannabidiol Attentuated apomorphine-induced stereotypy in animal model of psychosis-similar to effect of other antipsychotic drugs. Animal study showed increased prolactin secretion similar to described antipsychotic effect. Based on observed effects, mechanism of action may be similar to atypical antipsychotics, though no data available on specific neurotransmitters involved. 

On the basis of studies with healthy subjects and observations in psychotic patients, Degkwitz (1967, p. 108) distinguished between three phases of action of antipsychotic drugs ... 

Gomez JC, Sacristan JA, Hernandez J, Breier A, Ruiz Carrasco P, Anton Saiz C, Fontova Carbonell E. The safety of olanzapine compared with other antipsychotic drugs results of an observational prospective study in... 

In one study, the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia among women taking risperidone was 88% (n = 42) versus 48% (n = 105) in those taking conventional antipsychotic drugs 48% of these women of reproductive age taking risperidone had abnormal menstrual cycles (137). In the whole sample (147 women and 255 men) there were trends towards low concentrations of reproductive hormones associated with rises in prolactin patients taking concomitant medications known to increase prolactin had been excluded. Raised prolactin concentrations were also observed in 13 (9 women and 4 men) of 20 patients (13 women and 7 men mean age 36 years) (138). In premenopausal women there was a good correlation between prolactin concentrations and age, but there was no clear correlation between duration of treatment, dose, prolactin concentration, and prolactin-related adverse effects. 

Observational studies In a retrospective comparison of risperidone with haloperidol or trifluoperazine in an Asian population with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders ( = 261), some 90% discontinued treatment before 18 months however, the median time to discontinuation of risperidone was 69 days compared with 27 days for the first-generation antipsychotic drugs [123 ]. Risperidone had a longer time to discontinuation owing to intolerable adverse reactions than haloperidol and trifluoperazine. Nevertheless, lack of comparability precluded firm conclusions. 

Observational studies The use of antipsychotic drugs in children and adolescents is of particular concern. In a 24-week, multicenter, open study supported by Eli-Lilly, the marketing authorization holder, 96 adolescents with schizophrenic disorder (mean age 16 years 68% boys) were given olanzapine 10 mg/day [83 ]. BPRS scores fell from baseline to week 6 by a mean of 17. The most common adverse events were weight gain and increased prolactin. Weight... 

---