Antioxidants: regulatory status

Fereidoon Shahidi Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John s, Newfoundland, Canada, Antioxidants Regulatory Status, Antioxidants Science, Technology, and Applications, Citrus Oils and Essences, Dietary Fat Substitutes, ... 

REGULATORY STATUS AND SAFETY ISSUES OF SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS... 

All antioxidants have points of strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, certain points, such as thermal stability, effective concentration, and synergism, should be taken into consideration when selecting antioxidants for use in particular foods. Regulatory status is another factor that cannot be ignored, especially for some antioxidants that have been reported to show potential adverse health effects. Synthetic antioxidants have been tested for safety and approval for use in food at low concentrations on the basis of complex toxicity studies (10). Allowable limits for use of antioxidants vary greatly from country to country, and depend on the food product under consideration (11). 

Table 5 shows the maximum levels permitted by the FDA for the four major synthetic antioxidants (BHA, BHT, PG, and TBHQ) in specific applications (51). The regulatory status for these antioxidants in the USA, Canada, and Europe is given in Table 6 Table 7 summarizes their status in other countries for which a listing could be found. In addition to the major synthetic antioxidants discussed above (BHA, BHT, TBHQ, gallates, erythorbic acid, and ascorbyl palmitate), several other... 

TABLE 7. Regulatory Approval Status of Major Antioxidants in Different Countries. 

Formation of liposomes was carried out by an ultrasound dispersant UZDN-2T in 0.1 M C2H2OH aqueous solution of lipids from the liver and brain of mature outbreed mice (female, 12-13 wk aged) and soy bean lecithin (native - experiments No. 1 and No. 3 - and oxidized -experiment No. 2). That procedure was in detail presented in [6, 9]. The total number of animals in experiments with liposomes was 60. Experiments were repeated two tines in September (experiment No. 1) and May (experiment No. 2). Besides, the 80 white outbreed miee (females) were choice as the experimental animals to investigate interrelations between the different parameters of the LPO regulatory system in the murine organs with the different antioxidant status. These experiments were repeated three times (in November-December, May-June and... 

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