Blueberries antioxidant activity

Connor AM, Luby JJ, Hancock JF, Berkheimer S and Hanson EJ. 2002. Changes in fruit antioxidant activity among blueberry cultivars during cold temperature storage. J Agric Food Chem 50 893-898. 

The thiocyanate method involves measurement of the peroxide value using linoleic acid as substrate and has also been widely used to measure the antioxidant activity in plant-based foods such as ginger extracts (Kikuzaki and Nakatani 1993), fruit peels (Larrauri and others 1996 1997), extracts from vegetable by-products (Larrosa and others 2002 Llorach and others 2003 Abas and others 2006 Peschel and others 2006), blueberry juice, wines, and vinegars (Su and Chien 2007). 

Su MS and Chien PJ. 2007. Antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, and phenolics of rabbiteye blueberry (Vac-cinium ashei) fluid products as affected by fermentation. Food Chem 104( 1) 182—187. 

In vivo antioxidant activity Lowbush blueberry 1.2 g Human 27... 

We observed a small but significant inaease in plasma hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity following the consumption of a single meal of 189 g of blueberries (10 mg anthocyanins/kg). Others " reported an increase in plasma antioxidant capacity (acetone fraction) after the consumption of approximately 1.2 g of anthocyanins (15 mg anthocyanins/kg) from blueberry. Matsumoto et al." observed a rapid inaease in plasma antioxidant activity, as indicated by monitoring chemiluminescence intensity, after oral administration of black currant anthocyanins (0.573 mg/kg). A small iuCTease in antioxidant activity in plasma was observed in elderly subjects who consumed 1 cup of blueberries per day for a period of 30 days. What is not known is if anthocyanins are accumulated in tissues when consumed over an extended period of time. 

Wang, C.Y, S.Y. Wang, and C. Chen, 2008. Increasing antioxidant activity and reducing decay of blueberries by essential oils. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(10) 3587-3592. 

Castrejon DR, Eichholz I, Rohn S, Kroh LW, Huyskens-Keil S. Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during fruit maturation and ripening. Food Chem. 2008 109 564-572. 

Coimor, A.M., et at, 2002. Variation and heritability estimates for antioxidant activity,total phenolic contenL and anthocyanin content in blueberry progenies. J. Am. Soc. Hort, 127 82-88 Crozier, A., Yokota, T., Jaganath, I.B., Marks, S.C., Saltmarsh, M., Clifford, M.N. 2006. Secondary metabolites in fruits, vegetables, beverages, and other plant based dietary components. In Plant Secondary Metabolites Ocurrence, Structure, and Role in the Human Diet, Crozier, A., Clifford, M.N., Ashihira, H., (eds.), Blackwell Publishing Oxford, U.K., pp. 208-302. 

Kim, J.G., Kim, H.L., Kim, S.J., and Park, K.S. 2013. Fruit quality, anthocyanin and total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activities of 45 blueberry cultivars grown in Suwon, Korea. J Zhejian University-SCIENCEB (Biomedicine Biotechnology) 74(9) 793—799. 

Table II. Contribution of Important Phenolic Acids and Flavones to Antioxidant Activity in Blackberries (Chester thornless), Blueberries (Sierra), Chokeberries (Wild), Cranberries (Ben Lear), Lingonberries (Amber land). Black...

Anthocyanin compounds have been reported to exhibit antioxidative (Pool-Zobel et al, 1999 Tsuda et al, 1996), antimutagenic (Yoshimoto et al, 1999, 2001), antidiabetic (Jayaprakasam et al, 2005 Matsui et al, 2002), and anticarcinogenic (Hou et al, 2004 Kamei et al, 1995) activities. Although anthocyanins in red-fleshed kiwifruit offer potential health benefits, those benefits should not be overestimated because anthocyanin concentrations in kiwifruit are only 10% or less than those in whole blueberry fruits (Montefiori et al, 2005). Instead, the principal benefit of these pigments in red-fleshed kiwifruit is aesthetic, to foster commercial appeal. Attractiveness of Hongyang fruit was actually evidenced by an experimental market method (Jaeger and Marker, 2005), which showed that consumers were willing to pay a considerable price premium for the fruit. 

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