Antineoplastic agents, preparation using

A comprehensive review of their preparation and use as carriers for antineoplastic agents has been reported by Sezaki et al. (143). 

Pentostatin is an adenosine deaminase inhibitor primarily used as an antineoplastic agent for lymphoid malignancies, and produces a profound lymphopenia. It is now frequently used for steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, as well as in preparative regimens prior to those transplants to provide severe immunosuppression to prevent allograft rejection. 

Urethane may be released to the environment in various waste streams from its production and use in the preparation and modification of amino resins, as a solubilizer and cosolvent for pesticides and fumigants, as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, as an antineoplastic agent, and as a reagent in biochemical research. If released to the atmosphere, urethane is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase urethane will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 2.2 days. If released to soil, urethane is expected to have very high mobility. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur. Biodegradation of urethane in soil may be important. If released into water, urethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected. The potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is... 

Gebelein and coworkers have prepared monomers and polymers based on the antineoplastic agents 5-fluorouracil and 6-mercapto-purine (26). These polymers would be potentially useful in treating various types of cancer or leukemia and some derivatives have shown biological activity. Previous work by this group has Included the synthesis of polyisoprene derivatives containing sulfa drug, carbamate, urea, oxazolldone and oxazole units (27.28). 

Diamino-3, 5 -dideoxythymidine has been prepared by standard procedures in nine steps from thymidine and shown to have no use as an antiviral or antineoplastic agent, in contrast to the monoamino derivatives. ... 

Aminolysis of 1,4-phenylene bis(oxazolones) 511 and subsequent cyclization to the bis-2-imidazolLn-5(4//)-ones 513 has also been described (Scheme 7.162). " A -(Sulfonamidophenyl)imidazolones are of particular interest as antineoplastic, antibacterial, and antifungal agents and a number of examples have been prepared analogously using the appropriate sulfonamidoaniline. ... 

Poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(glutamic acid) block copolymers containing cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum, (IV), were prepared by Kataoka [3]. The micelle diameters were roughly 22 nm, and these block copolymers were used as antineoplastic drug delivery agents. 

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