Antimony pentachloride structure

Furthermore, the structures of [Pb(18-crown-6)(CH3CN)3][SbCl6]2 and [Pb(15-crown-5)2][SbCl6]2 were determined. The structure determination of [Pb(18-crown-6)(CH3CN)3][SbCl6]2 is restricted by disorder problems. Both compounds were formed by the reaction of PbCl2, antimony pentachloride and the corresponding crown ether. The... 

Antimony pentachloride reacts with alkali pseudohalides (equation 50). Addition of further KX results in dimer formation, [SbCl4X]2. The crystal structure of [SbCLN3]2 shows a distorted... 

Other five-membered heterocycles such as thiophenes, thiazoles and oxazoles have been successfully annellated in the anthraquinone series. For example, the yellow dye (12) may be prepared from 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone by condensation with benzotrichloride and sulfur. Similarly, the six-membered heterocycles acridines, quinoneazines, pyrazines, acridones and pyrimidines are frequently incorporated (B-52MI11201). In fact, the best known of the anthraquinone vat dyes are indanthrone (13) and flavanthrone (14). The former anthraquinoneazine, a beautiful blue, which was the first such structure to be manufactured on a large scale, may be prepared by alkali fusion of 2-aminoanthraquinone at 220 °C (27MI11200). Treatment of 2-aminoanthraquinone in nitrobenzene with antimony pentachloride yields the yellow flavanthrone (14), the structure being confirmed by Scholl (07CB1691). Both indanthrone and flavanthrone and their derivatives have attracted considerable commercial attention. 

As the inner salts are generally unstable and insoluble, they cannot be manipulated and their structures were therefore inferred from those of the more stable nitrogen analogues. The inner oxonium salt from boron fluoride, when examined at low temperatures, was found to contain a molecule of ether of crystallization which was held very tenaciously and was involved in the complex decomposition of the salt at higher temperatures. The salt from antimony pentachloride did not contain this molecule of ether and decomposed to ethyl chloride and a mixture of alkoxy antimony tetrachlorides. The stannic chloride decomposed in at least two ways,... 

The crystal structure of antimony pentachloride, SbCls, is hexagonal (D (, P63 jmmc, a0 = 7.49, and c0 = 8.01 A) with two molecules in the cell. The molecules are hep giving the simple notation 2P(h). In Figure 4.26, we see that the trigonal bipyramidal molecules have their C3 axes parallel to c0, the packing direction. The axial Sb—Cl distance is 2.34 A and that in the equatorial plane is 2.29 A. The closest Cl—Cl distances (3.33 A) are between axial Cl atoms between adjacent molecules. 

Cyclic S-N compounds including S2N2 have been reviewed. An x-ray analysis of disulfur dinitride, S2N2, with alternating sulfur and nitrogen atoms indicates a nearly square planar array with S-N distances of 1.657 and 1.651 A and angles NSN of 89.6° and SNS of 90.4°. The structure of the bis(antimony pentachloride) complex is planar S-N, 1.619 A NSN, 84.9° SNS, 95.1°. An S2N2 complex of copper (II) chloride also is planar S-N, 1.633, 1.641 A N-S-N,... 

On the basis of an x-ray analysis the structure of the product obtained by reaction of ethyl isocyanate (2 equivs.) with hexachloropropene in the presence of antimony pentachloride has been formulated as 6,6-dichloro-3,5-diethyl-4(trichlorovinyl)-6/f-l,3,5-oxadiazin-2(3//)-on-5-ium hexachloroantimonate (222) <92JPR669>. 

The interaction of ethyl isothiocyanate and antimony pentachloride in carbon tetrachloride gives a complex (recrystallizable from 1,2-dichlorome-thane) of composition C6H10N2S2C1+ SbCl. The structure of its organic moiety may be that of the 1,2,4-thiadiazoline cation (135), but the evidence is not conclusive.108... 

Starting with 2-bromo-l-chloro-2-phenylacetaldehyde (4-toluene)sulfonylhydra-zone (2.288) (l-chloro-2-phenylethenyl)(4-toluenesulfonyl)diazene (2.289) was obtained with triethylamine in ether. A solution of the diazene in methylene chloride becomes greenish after addition of antimony pentachloride at -30°C. Above — 20°C N2 is evolved. At — 70°C, however, a red solution is formed. The latter develops N2 even at — 60 °C. The red solution corresponds to the l-chloro-2-phenyl-ethenediazonium ion 2.290 (2-111). The structure of 2-phenylethynediazonium ion (2.291) can be attributed to the compound in the greenish solution on the basis of the IR spectrum (C = C at 2150 and 2255 cm — N N at 2295 cm ) and of the following reactions with nucleophiles. 

Pentanetriol tripivalate reacts - with antimony pentachloride to give the dioxanylium salt 46. The cation of 46 can rearrange into the ion 47, which remains structurally and energetically... 

The 1 1 addition compound between methanol and antimony pentachloride will react with further alcohol to produce the compounds SbCls,nMeOH (n = 2— 4). I.r. data point to hydrogen-bridged structures such as (97) for the products... 

Radical cations can be derived from aromatic hydrocarbons or olefins by reaction with one-electron oxidants. Antimony pentachloride and cobaltic ion are among the oxidants that have been used. Most radical cations have limited stability, but the sensitivity of EPR spectral parameters to structure have permitted many conclusions about the nature of radical cations despite their limited stability. 

The ring opening polymerisations of l,6-anhydro-2,3-di-0-benzyl-4-deoxy-P-D-acy/o-hexopyranose and l,6-anhydro-2-0-benzyl-3,4-dideoxy-p-D-eo /iro-hexopyranose have generated the corresponding (l->6)-a-linked hexopyranans, while the copolymerisation of l,4-anhydro-2,3-0-benzylidene-a-D-ribopyranose with l,4-anhydro-2,3-di-0-benzyl-a-D-ribopyranose in the presence of antimony pentachloride has been carried out and the structure of the pyranose copolymer was evaluated by C n.m.r. and polarimetry methods. ... 

Nogaj B, Poleshchuk OKh, Kasprzak J, Koput J, EHnVP, Dolenko GN (1997)Changes in electron density distribution resulting from formation of antimony pentachloride complexes studied by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Journal of Molecular Structure 406-. 145-151. 

Hermodsson, Y. (1967) The crystal structure of antimony pentachloride selenium oxychloride. Acta Chem. Scand., 21, 1313-1327. 

Arsenic forms a gaseous pentafluoride and a solid pentachloride which decomposes at temperatures above -50°C. Antimony forms a pentachloride which may be vaporized without decomposition, and a pentafluoride which is tetrameric in the solid phase and trimeric in the gas phase. The structures of the trimer will be described in Chapter 16. The heaviest element in the group (Bi) forms a pentafluoride which is polymeric in the solid phase. The gas phase structure is unknown. 

Radical cations can be derived from aromatic hydrocarbons or alkenes by one-electron oxidation. Antimony trichloride and pentachloride are among the chemical oxidants that have been used." Photodissociation and y radiation also generate radical cations from aromatic hydrocarbons." Most radical cations derived from hydrocarbons have limited stability, but EPR spectral parameters have permitted structural characterization." The radical cations can be generated electrochemi-cally, and the oxidation potentials are included in Table 12.1. The potentials correlate with the HOMO levels of the hydrocarbons. The higher the HOMO, the more easily oxidized is the hydrocarbon. 

Thionyl chloride, as well as other inorganic acid chlorides, reacts with polyols to form mixed esters (see under Sulfate esters. Chapter III). In the presence of pyridine, partial chlorohydrin formation may occur (95), Selenium oxychloride forms a selenite ester upon reaction with mannitol (96), Phosphorus pentachloride yields unsaturated chlorohydrins of mannitol and galactitol which have the composition CeHeCU (97), Extremely interesting are the so-called complexes of alditols with various inorganic polybasic acids, their salts, or anhydrides in aqueous solutions. Complexes with boric, molybdic, tungstic, and other acids, as well as the oxides of antimony and arsenic, have been reported. It is believed that these complexes are true esters with one or more moles of alditol, a chelate type of structure being involved at some point. For the hexitols a compound with boric acid such as the following is postulated (98),... 

Practice Problem A Draw the Lewis structure of phosphorus pentachloride (PCI5). Practice Problem B Draw the Lewis structure of antimony pentafluoride (SbF,). 

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