Antimatter interactions with matter

In view of the current search for antimatter in outer space, the ongoing efforts to produce antihydrogen in laboratory, and the forthcoming experiments with cold antihydrogen we have undertaken the study of matter-antimatter interactions [26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32]. Such interactions are of interest both for CERN AD experiments on forming antihydrogen, and for the astrophysical search for the presence of antimatter in the Universe. 

In recent work [26, 29] we have investigated the question of the stability of antimatter in contact with matter. The fundamental collisional interaction between hydrogen H and antihydrogen H hits been considered as the prototype reaction. 

One important clue to answering that question is that matter and antimatter do not get along very well with each other. When a particle comes into contact with its antiparticle, a reaction occurs in which both particles are annihilated. The products of that reaction are two gamma rays, a neutrino, and an antineutrino. For example, suppose that a proton and an antiproton interact with each other. The reaction that occurs is ... 

A unique situation of the passage of positrons through an absorber is that as a positron loses its energy by interaction with electrons of the absorber atoms and comes to almost rest, it combines with an electron of an absorber atom. At this instant, both particles (/ + and e ) are annihilated as a result of matter-antimatter encounter to produce two photons of 511 keV, which are emitted in opposite directions ( 180°) (Fig. 1.6). This process is called the... 

Before one can seriously consider an alternative plasma cosmology the ideas of Alfven and others need to be integrated with a sensible alternative to universal expansion and the topology of space-time. Instead of chasing after non-baryonic dark matter the role of hydrogen in that regard should be explored and the interaction between matter and antimatter, an important argument in the current theories (Lerner, 1991), must be rationalized. 

As the source of all matter in the universe the big bang is an abject failure. By a series of convoluted assumptions and arguments it "predicts" that all matter came into being in the form of H and He, without interacting with an equivalent amoimt of antimatter in the mix, and overestimates the relative He/H ratio and the background temperature by an order of magnitude. 

Three-dimensional chirality can likewise be resolved in four dimensions by transplantation in non-orientable projective space. This three-dimensional analog requires a four-dimensional twist that closes the three-dimensional universe onto itself and turns left-handed matter into right-handed antimatter. Considered as a single universe in three-dimensional space, chirality is preserved throughout. However, the interface created by the curvature separates regions of space with opposite chiralities. The interface cannot be crossed in three-dimensional motion, but allows interaction between entities near the interface to give rise to the quantum effects. 

The imphed wave nature of elementary matter furthermore clarifies their mode of interaction through standing waves generated by the interference between advanced and retarded wave components. The negative-energy solutions of relativistic wave equations first indicated the existence of antimatter, as later confirmed experimentally. To avoid the annihilation of matter and antimatter on a cosmic scale an involuted structure of the vacuum, consistent with projective space-time, is inferred. 

One took three different gauge theories, supplied them with some free parameters, added an ad hoc Higgs mechanism to make it work, and the result seems to function properly. It is not known exactly why those three symmetries create the three interactions although the U(l) symmetry is clearly related to the electromagnetic charge, the SU(2) to the weak isospin, and SU(3) to the three colors. It is not clear why there are exactly three fermion families and how the fermions of a family are related to each other (apart from the sum of their charges). It is not known why there is no antimatter in the Universe, and there is the deep mystery of dark matter astronomical observations indicate that about 90% of the mass of the Universe is invisible, probably non-baryonic matter that cannot be explained within the framework of the Standard Model (Amsler et al. 2008). 

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