Antigen biology

Ward, A. M. Catto, J. W. F. Hamdy, F. C., Prostate specific antigen Biology, biochemistry and available commercial assays, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2001, 38, 633 651... 

Minimum titre, bacterial counts, amount of antigen, biological activity units with reference samples to be guaranteed until the end of the shelf life. 

The interferons (IFNs) are a family of proteins produced by nucleated cells and by recombinant DNA technology, with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory activities. They are classified as a, p, or Y interferons based on antigenic, biologic, and pharmacologic properties. Many subtypes of IFN a are known. IFN a-2a and IFN o -2b, approved for anticancer indications, are very similar single-species recombinant products. 

Biomaterials cover a broad range of properties from those that are designed to be inert to those that are intended to elicit a particular set of biological responses. In the latter category are materials with surfaces tailored to retard blood clotting, or surfaces that bear covalently bound bioactive agents such as enzymes or antigens. 

Other sensor applications can be considered if some sensitive biological molecules (such as antibodies or receptors) are attached to the nanogranule. If, for example, an antibody molecule is attached to it, then the granule is placed between two electrodes, and single-electron current flows between them. The step value of the coulomb staircase depends on the capacity of the junctions. When the antibody molecule binds specific antigen, the capacity value will be changed, and, therefore, the step value of the VH characteristics will also change. 

Campbell R.D. Trowsdale J. (1993) Map ofthe human MHC. Immunol Today, 14, 349-352. Germain R.H. Marguiles D.M. (1993) The biochemistry and cell biology of antigen processing and presentation. Ann Rev11, 403-450. 

---