Antigen assays, effects

After 72 or 96 h the plates are examined and scored for cytopathic effect (CPE). Carefully remove 200 pL from each well or 50 pL from each replicate of four for testing to evaluate levels of HIV p24 antigen production in the wells. Testing in this laboratory was with the Coulter UK P24 antigen assay. 

The antiinflammatory effects of statins likely result from their ability to inhibit the formation of mevalonic acid. Downstream products of this molecule include not only the end product, cholesterol, but also several isoprenoid intermediates that covalently modify ( pre-nylate ) certain key intracellular signaling molecules. Statin treatment reduces leukocyte adhesion, accumulation of macrophages, MMPs, tissue factor, and other proinflammatory mediators. By acting on the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), statins also interfere with antigen presentation and subsequent T-cell activation. Statin treatment can also limit platelet activation in some assays as well. All these results support the concept that in addition to their favorable effect on the lipid profile, statins can also exert an array of antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. 

Laboratory confirmation is vital to effective treatment of HSV, especially in individuals in whom a clinical diagnosis cannot be obtained. There are several methods by which a definitive diagnosis may be acquired, and these include virologic typing, serologic diagnosis, rapid point-of-care antigen detection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblot, and DNA polymerase chain reaction.27... 

The simplicity of this assay makes it highly attractive for further development. Some of the limitations include the need for the preparation of relatively large amounts of appropriately modified DNA for the initial immunization. This may be reduced with the development of in vitro immunization techniques in which as little as 5ng of antigen can be effective. The antibodies must also be characterized once prepared. For example, a variety of monoclonal antibodies against B[a]PDE-modified DNA have been prepared (42) which show varying specificity. At one extreme, some require the full structure of the adduct bound to DNA, at the other, BtalP tetraol will effectively compete. What is not clear at the moment is how specific such antisera are for a particular PAH. Will these antisera recognize only B[a]P tetraol structures or those of any diol epoxide modified DNA ... 

The suppression of DTH (in vivo) by CD8-I-Tregs affords a direct demonstration of the suppressive effects of these cells on effector T cells because adoptive transfer assays demonstrate a suppressive effect on the DTH response within 24 h of the introduction of CD8-I- Tregs into the challenge site for DTH at the time of challenge with the antigen. The ability of CD8-I- suppressor T cells to suppress directly DTH in vivo has been measured by the local adoptive transfer assay (LAT) that transfers DTH to naive recipients by... 

Epstein-Barr virus early antigen induction. Methanol extract of the dried leaf, in cell culture at a concentration of 1 pg/mL, was inactive. The assay was designed for tumor-promoting activity . Two diastere-oisomers of 2,7,1 l-cembratriene-4,6-diol (a- and 3-CBT) from the neutral fractions of cigarette smoke condensate, in Raji cells, produced potent inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-EA by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The doses of a- and P-CBT required for 50% inhibition of EBV-EA induction by TPA were 7.7 and 6.7 mg/mL, respectively. Application of a- and P-CBT to mouse skin before treatment with TPA, inhibited TPA-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Application of 16.5 pM/mouse of a- and p-CBT resulted... 

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