Antifungal Dmgs

Other Pharmaceuticals. Other pharmaceutical products incorporating the thiophene ring include the antiasthmatic dmg Ketotifen [34580-13-7] (Sandoz) (53), which is particularly marketed in Japan. The antifungal dmg Tioconazole [65899-73-2] (Pfizer) (54) is based on... 

A summary of systemic antifungal dmgs is given in Table 9.6. 

The antifungal dmg amphotericin (see Ch. 24) is also used in treating advanced cases of leishmaniasis. Recendy, an alkylphospholipid miltefosine has been licensed in India... 

Conventional liposomes are typically composed of only phospholipids and/or cholesterol. This first generation of liposomes is generally used for passive targeting they tend to be phagocytosed by the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and therefore accumulate in organs such as the liver and the spleen. Based on this property, a conventional liposome formulation of the antifungal dmg amphotericin B (initially marketed under the name... 

Sahcyhc acid USP, EP, and other pharmacopeia grades are used medically as antiseptic, disinfectant, antifungal, and keratolytic agents. Sahcyhc acid is formulated in lotion or ointment formulations for the treatment of dandmff, eczema, psoriasis, and various parasitic skin diseases. Because the keratolytic property of this aromatic acid has use in the safe removal of dead skin cells from the surface of healthy skin, the acid is used in concentrated sahcyhc acid solutions or suspensions to remove warts and corns. In more dilute form, sahcyhc acid preparations have found use in dandmff and eczema treatment. Sahcyhc acid has been considered and found effective by the Advisory Committees to the FDA in various over-the-counter (OTC) dmg regulated uses. Among these are acne products, dermatitis, dry skin, dandmff and psoriasis products, and foot care products (24). 

Dactinomycin, an antineoplastic dmg, was discovered in 1943 and is made in rather pure form by StreptomjcesparvuUus. Dactinomycin has some bacteriostatic antibacterial and antifungal activity, but high toxicity limits its use to antineoplastic therapy. It may be used alone or with other antineoplastics, with or without surgery and synergistic x-ray therapy. Dose limiting bone marrow toxicity may result in low white cell and platelet count. Intestinal mucosal damage also occurs. Reviews of more detailed chemotherapeutic information are available (217—222). 

Nucleic-acid-related molecules (nucleotides, nucleosides, purines, pyrimidines) may also be used as dmgs themselves (and not only as dmg receptors). Once again, as discussed in chapters 7 and 9, this is most relevant in the areas of cancer and infectious disease, with purine/pyrimidine analogs being exploited as antimetabolites. 5-Fluorouracil is a well-described antineoplastic agent. Analogously, 5-fluorocytosine is used as an antifungal... 

Albengres E, Le Louet H, Tillement JP. Systemic antifungal agents. Dmg interactions of clinical significance. Drug Saf 1998 18 83-97. 

Sununers KK, Hardin TC, Gore SJ, Graybill JR. Therapeutic dmg monitoring of systemic antifungal therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997 40 753-764. 

The antifungal properties of ferrocene derivatives have been studied. Compounds 27 and 28 (see above and Figure 12) have also been evaluated for their antifungal properties against six fungal strains. The antifungal activity was enhanced by up to 42% on chelation of a metal ion within the macrocyclic cavity. The activity of the chelate complexes closely approached that of the control dmg miconazole. 

Natamycin is tlie only ophtlialmic antifungal in use This dmg possesses antifungal activity against a variety of yeast and fungi. 

Solid lipid nanoparticles have been used for topical application for various dmgs, such as tropolide, imidazole antifungals, anticancers, vitamin A, isotretinoin, ketoconazole, DNA, flurbiprofen, and glucocorticoids (Choi et al., 2006) and also in various formulations of sunscreens and UV blockers (Wissing and Muller, 2001). 

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