Antiemetics, pediatric

There have been few reported complications from WBI therapy, especially pertaining to acute poisonings. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and bloating have been described. Nausea and vomiting may make administration of WBI difficult. Antiemetics and a 15-30 min break followed by a slower rate may allow readministration. As discussed with the other methods of decontamination, attention should be directed to the airway and the potential for aspiration. Administration of a large amount of chilled or room temperature WBI fluid to pediatric patients could potentially cause hypothermia. Warmed fluid should be considered in these patients. 

Abrahamov A, Abrahamov A, Mechoulam R (1995) An efficient new cannabinoids antiemetic in pediatric oncology. Life Sci 56 2097-2102... 

Orally and intravenously administered antiemetics are generally equivalent in efficacy and safety for both adult and pediatric patients. The decision as to which formulation to use should be based on patient-specific factors and cost. 

For nausea and vomiting associated with pediatric gastroenteritis, there is greater emphasis on rehydration measures than on pharmacologic intervention. Only two prospective studies have been published on the safety or efficacy of antiemetics in pediatric gastroenteritis since 1966. A recent survey of physicians revealed that promethazine suppositories were the most commonly prescribed antiemetic for pediatric gastroenteritis, despite the lack of prospective trials for this agent. ... 

Kwon KT, Rudkin SE, Langdorf Ml. Antiemetic use in pediatric gastroenteritis A national survey of emergency physicians, pediatricians, and pediatric emergency physicians. Clin Pediatr 2002 41 641-652. 

The 8-year-old child diagnosed with gastroenteritis is admitted to the pediatric unit. The nurse administered prochlorperazine (Compazine), an antiemetic, rectally. Which side effects should the nurse assess for ... 

Atropine or common antiemetics can be given to provide relief from nausea and vomiting, early signs of HD intoxication (Yu et al., 2003). Excellent choices for pediatric-specific antiemetics include medications such as promethazine, metoclopramide, and ondansetron (Sidell et al., 1997). Persistent vomiting and diarrhea are later signs of systemic toxicity requiring prompt fluid replacement. 

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