Antidegradent phenylene diamine

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Aceto DIPP Agerite White AgeRite W AI3-14324 Antigene F Antioxidant 123 Antioxidant DNP ASM-DNT 1,4-Benzenediamine, N,N -di-2-naphthalenyl- N,N -Bis-(2-naftyl)-p-fenylendiamin 1,4-Bis(2-naphthylamino)-benzene N,N -Bis((3-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine N,N -Bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine BRN 2224419 CCRIS 6026 Oi-(3-naphthyl-p-phenyldi-amine Di-(J-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine s-Di(P-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine N,N -Di-p-naphlhyl-p-phenylene-diamine N,N -Di-2-naphthalenyl-1,4-benz-enediamine N,N -Di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine Diafen NN DNPD Dnpda Dwu-p-naftylo-p-fenylodwuamina EINECS 202-249-2 Nonox CL NSC 3410 p-Phenylenediamine, N,N -(di-2-naphthyl)- N,N -p-Phenylenebis(2-naphthylamine) Santowhite CL Tisperse MB-2X. Antioxidant, An antidegradant for latex, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene and nitrile-butadiene rubber. Solid mp = 224-230° d n 1.22-1.28 insoluble in H2O, EtOH, soluble in organic solvents LDso (rat orl) = 4500 mg/kg. Vanderbilt R. T. Co. Inc. 

Vulcanised rubber has for many decades, been stabilised by p-phenylene diamines (PPD), as antioxidant and antiozonant. However, traditional PPD tend to migrate to the surface and discolour non-carbon black vulcanisates, as they are capable of extraction from the rubber and volatile. In general, all amine antidegradants are soluble in water and need special precautions and environmental labelling. 

Polymer compoimds invariably contain antidegradents. These are generally further divided into antioxidants and anti-ozonants. The major group of antidegradents used in elastomers is composed of phenylene diamines, which have the structure ... 

The effectiveness of the antidegradent depends upon the R and R substituents. The phenylene diamine antidegradents are strongly discoloring, which limits their application. 

Because of its ability to investigate the stability of polymers, DSC is often used to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilisers (e.g. antioxidants and antiozonants) and to establish the energetics of their protective action. Examples of this type of application are the work carried out by Klein etal [84] and Cibulkova etal [85] who studied the effect ofp-phenylene diamine antidegradants with polyisoprene rubber, and Parra and Matos [86] who investigated the synergistic effects of a range of different antioxidants in natural rubber compounds. Burlett... 

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