Antibody detection tests

The nonendoscopic tests (see Table 33-6) include serologic antibody detection tests, the urea breath test (UBT), and the stool antigen... 

The calculated number of uninfected reference animals required to establish diagnostic specificity of the assay is even greater. To validate an antibody detection test that will be 99% specific (only one false positive per 100 uninfected animals), an extremely large population of uninfected animals must be tested, representing as many biological and environmental variables as possible. This will allow an estimate of confidence in the test specificity. Again, the assumptions in the statistical calculations are a major concern therefore, one should think in terms of at least 1000, and preferably upward of 5000 samples from animals that are known to be uninfected and not vaccinated with the agent in question, to establish a reasonable estimate of specificity. 

Most immunodiagnostic tests used today for parasitic infections detect antibody. In recent years, the sensitivity and specificity of many such tests have improved. A number of antigen detection tests have recently been described and show promise, but none of these tests are currently available commercially. 

Biochips can be used for either measuring differential expression between two populations or for testing for the presence of a DNA sequence (resequencing). Protein chips have been applied in expression profiling and antibody detection, binding specificities of a protein expression library and protein-protein interactions. 

Fig. 10.15 Virus detection test. Sensor signal (phase change) measured between channel 1 and the reference channel for the immobilization of anti HSV 1 glycoprotein G monoclonal antibody layer on the sensing surface of channel 1 (A HSV i gG) and the binding of HSV 1 particles to this layer (A IISV i). Reprinted from Ref. 28 with permission. 2008 American Chemical Society...

Major progress in the analytical use of antibodies occurred with the development of several fundamental techniques the ability to detect cell-bound antibody (Coombs Test, 1945) immunoprecipitation in gels (Ouchterlony, 1953) radioimmunoassay (Yalow and Berson, 1960) and monoclonal antibodies (Kohler and Milstein, 1975). These, together with a con-... 

Apart from antibodies detected by (a) the schizont-infected red cell agglutination test, (b) the agglutination of sporozoites, (c) complement fixation, (d) passive hemagglutination and by the direct and indirect immunofluorescent methods [for review, see reference (V4)], malarial antibodies have also been detected by malarial antigens prepared from heavily infected human placenta, infected human brain, and short-term in vivo cultures of cells from heavily parasitized subjects (Wll) (see Tables 7 and 8). 

Tertiary antibody detection for FITC labeled test article or... 

Comparison of Minimal Concentration OF Antibody Detectable by Specific Test... 

Saliva tests detection of specific IgG antibody Fecal tests detection of specific antigen... 

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