Antibodies synthetic applications

The application of modified electrodes for the assay of antibodies in senun preparations using redox indicators encapsuled into antigene marked liposomes attached to an electrode surface was suggested First model studies towards this goal make use of ferricyanide ions entrapped in synthetic vesicles. 

Figure 9.6 Capillary IEF and slab gel IEF of antibodies of rhuMAbHER2. There was good correlation between the number of bands obtained by the two techniques. Notice the excellent resolution of the sample components achieved by CIEF. In this application, the sample was bracketed by synthetic pi markers of known pi that are not only extremely useful in the determination of pi, but can also be used for correction of migration time variations. During methods development, the pi standards can be prepared in ampholytes at a higher concentration (e.g., 10X) and introduced as a second injection after the capillary is first filled with sample prepared in ampholytes. Using this approach, the combination of pi markers can be optimized with a minimal usage of sample (see Reference 112).

Since then, catalytic antibodies which catalyze different chemical reactions have been described. The reactions range from ester or carbonate hydrolysis to carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, bimolecular amide formation or peptide bond cleavage, so the application of catalytic antibodies to general synthetic organic chemistry seems to be very promising [22]. 

This subject has been of continuing interest for several reasons. First, the present concepts of the chemical constitution of such important biopolymers as cellulose, amylose, and chitin can be confirmed by their adequate chemical synthesis. Second, synthetic polysaccharides of defined structure can be used to study the action pattern of enzymes, the induction and reaction of antibodies, and the effect of structure on biological activity in the interaction of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipides with polyhydroxylic macromolecules. Third, it is anticipated that synthetic polysaccharides of known structure and molecular size will provide ideal systems for the correlation of chemical and physical properties with chemical constitution and macromolecular conformation. Finally, synthetic polysaccharides and their derivatives should furnish a large variety of potentially useful materials whose properties can be widely varied these substances may find new applications in biology, medicine, and industry. 

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