Antibiotics disease loss control

Abstract The use of antibiotic therapy in aquaculture inevitably leads to the emergence of resistance in the target bacteria and a reduction of the efficacy of this method of disease control. It is argued that a better understanding of the aetiology of aquatic animal diseases and the potential of antibiotics to control disease losses is essential if we are to achieve a more prudent use of this therapy. The ability to detect resistance in target bacteria will be central if we are to use these agents wisely the methods available to measure bacterial susceptibility are critically analysed. 

The role of antibiotic therapy in the control of disease losses... 

Well over 100 plant pathogens have become resistant to various fungicides under field conditions. Failure of the acyl alanines, benzimidazoles, thiophanates, carboxanilides, dicarboximides, hydroxypyrimidines, some organophosphates, and most of the antibiotics has occurred. In other cases, a moderate decrease in sensitivity without a rapid loss of disease control has been observed as in the case of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (triazoles, pyrimidines, and imidazoles) and organophosphates. The most effective approach is to use fungicides having different modes of action in combination,... 

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