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Antianxiety drugs antidepressants

Tone, Andrea. The Age of Anxiety A History of America s Turbulent Affair with Tranquilizers. New York Basic Books, 2009. This book traces the history of drugs to treat anxiety from the first tranquilizer sold in 1955 to the billions of antianxiety drugs sold today. Although tranquilizers like Valium fell out of favor because of their addictiveness, the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants have become widely popular treatments for anxiety. The book places the popularity of these types of drugs within the larger context of what Tone calls the tranquilizer culture. [Pg.146]

Antidepressant drugs, however, might have direct anxiolytic effects. That is, certain antidepressants such as paroxetine (Paxil) or venlafaxine (Effexor) can help reduce anxiety independent of their effects on depression.1,47 These antidepressants have therefore been advocated as an alternative treatment for anxiety, especially for people who cannot tolerate the side effects of traditional anxiolytics, or who might be especially susceptible to the addictive properties of drugs like the benzodiazepines.1,9,46 Moreover, antidepressants such as paroxetine or venlafaxine are now considered effective as the primary treatment for several forms of anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and panic disorder.4,29,53 Antidepressants, either used alone or in combination with antianxiety drugs, have become an important component in the treatment of anxiety. [Pg.72]

Serotonin plays an active role in temperature regulation and in particular in the maintenance of the body s set point [543-545]. More recently, numerous pharmacological studies have suggested the involvement of homeostatic control mechanisms [544, 546] that are achieved through interplay between the 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)1A and 5-HT2A/C receptor systems [545,547,548]. Administration of a 5-HTlA-receptor agonist that is used therapeutically as an antidepressant and antianxiety drug causes hypothermia [549,550]. [Pg.344]

Psychoactive drugs, including psychiatric drugs, vary in their toxicity. However, all of the major categories of psychiatric drugs—antidepressants, stimulants, tranquilizers (antianxiety drugs), mood stabilizers, and anti-psychotics—are neurotoxic. They poison neurons, and sometimes destroy them. [Pg.2]

The antianxiety dragp are discussed in this chapter. Antidepressant dragp and antipsychotic drugs are discussed in Chapters 31 and 32, respectively. [Pg.274]

The antiemetics and antivertigo drug may have additive effects when used with alcohol and other CNS depressants such as sedatives, hypnotics, antianxiety drugp, opiates, and antidepressants. There may be additive anticholinergic effects (see Chap. 25) when administered with drag s that have anticholinergic activity such as the antihistamines, antidepressants, pheno-thiazines, and disopyramide The antacids decrease absorption of the antiemetics. [Pg.311]

Antidepressants are commonly used to treat both acute withdrawal and persistent anxiety or insomnia. There is evidence to suggest that they are effective in relieving some acute abstinence symptoms, but it has been more difficult to establish their effectiveness in long-term discontinuation. Antidepressants with sedative and antianxiety effects are the preferred drugs. [Pg.136]

The most commonly used therapies for anxiety and depression are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the more recently developed serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). SSRIs, which constitute 60% of the worldwide antidepressant and antianxiety market, are frequently associated with sexual dysfunction, appetite disturbances and sleep disorders. Because SSRIs and SNRIs increase 5-HT levels in the brain, they can indirectly stimulate all 14 serotonergic receptor subtypes [2,3], some of which are believed to lead to adverse side effects associated with these drugs. Common drugs for short-term relief of GAD are benzodiazepines. These sedating agents are controlled substances with addictive properties and can be lethal when used in combination with alcohol. The use of benzodiazepines is associated with addiction, dependency and cognitive impairment. [Pg.458]

We think that buspirone may be the drug of choice for many patients with GAD who have not taken BZDs previously. Buspirone may also have an advantage in patients who have problems with BZD withdrawal symptoms. Increased antianxiety effects have been observed in some patients treated concurrently with low doses of buspirone and a BZD (Table 12-4). Further, buspirone may be indicated in individuals with GAD with histories of chemical dependency who have failed or who could not tolerate antidepressants ( 54). [Pg.233]

Other indications for the use of antipsychotics include Tourette s syndrome, disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer s disease, and, with antidepressants, psychotic depression. Antipsychotics are not indicated for the treatment of various withdrawal syndromes, eg, opioid withdrawal. In small doses, antipsychotic drugs have been promoted (wrongly) for the relief of anxiety associated with minor emotional disorders. The antianxiety sedatives (see Chapter 22) are preferred in terms of both safety and acceptability to patients. [Pg.633]

Other drugs of the depressant, antianxiety, antipyschotic, and anticonvulsive types are being investigated as treatments for cocaine abuse. Those which have been or will be covered in this course include the heterocyclic antidepressants desipramine and imipramine, which diminish cocaine use and craving as well as improve the outcome in the first few months of treatment. Buprenorphine (depressant) may augment the reward system (it has been found to suppress self-administration of cocaine in monkeys). Lithium sometimes works for those who are clinically depressives. Carbamazapine, bromocriptine and mazindol are also used as well as fluphenthixol and buspirone. [Pg.159]

Many patients with anxiety also have symptoms of depression.47 It therefore seems reasonable to include antidepressant drugs as part of the pharmacological regimen in these patients. Hence, patients with a combination of anxiety and depression often take a traditional antianxiety agent such as a benzodiazepine along with an antidepressant.44 The pharmacology of the antidepressants is addressed in Chapter 7. [Pg.72]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.72 ]




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