Anti-inflammatory marine natural products

Terracciano S, Aquino M, Rodriguez M, Monti MC, Casapullo A, Riccio R, Gomez-Paloma L. Chemistry and biology of anti-inflammatory marine natural products molecules interfering with cyclooxygenase, NF-kB and other unidentified targets. Curr. Med. Chem. 2006 13 1947-1969. 

Mayer, A.M.S., Oh, S., Presto, E., Glaser, K.B., Jacobson, P.B., 1997. LPS-primed rat brain microglia a convenient in vitro model to search for anti-inflammatory marine natural products. SHOCK 7, 49. 

Gomez-Paloma, L., Chiara Monti, M., Terraciano, S., Casapullo, A., and Riccio, R. (2005) Chemistry and biology of anti-inflammatory marine natural products phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Curr. Org. Chem., 9, 1419-1427. 

Manoalide (164), a marine natural product which inhibits the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids by phospholipase A2 [397,398], showed topical anti-inflammatory activity in mouse ear models [399]. Activity in ISN and cRBL (< 1 M) have also been reported [400]. A series of analogues consisting of the furanone ring of manoalide bearing simple unsaturated 16-20 carbon chains showed similar activity in rabbit neutrophils and isolated guinea-pig neutrophil 5-LO [401] interestingly, however, topical anti-inflammatory activity was seen in phorbol ester ear oedema but not in AAE [399]. The importance of 5-LO inhibition to the anti-inflammatory activity of manoalide is unknown effects on phospholipase C and calcium channels have also been shown [402, 403]. 

The Beckmann rearrangement reaction was a key step in the total synthesis of two marine natural products, pinnaic acid (52) and halichlorine (53) IFigure 5.1T ° Pinnaic acid and halichlorine are of interest because they exhibit anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of a cytosolic 85 kDa phospholipase (CPLA2) in vitro. Halichlorine is also a promising... 

Buckle, P.J., Baldo, B.A., Taylor, K.M., 1980. The anti-inflammatory activity of marine natural products - 6-n-tridecylsalicylic acid, flexibihde and dendalone 3-hydroxybutyrate. Agents Actions 10, 361-367. 

We presented a review of the natural product chemistry found in species of Pseudopterogorgia. These metabolites function as predator deterents and some of them proved to be (potential) therapeutic agents. The discovery of pseudopterosins and their potent anti-inflammatory activity should be especially highlighted as one of the most prominent (marine chemistry) scientific inventions of the last decade. We feel that the combination of the discoveries reviewed herein combined with drug design based on structure activity studies of these compounds will lead to therapeutic agents which although derived from marine life chemistry, will not rely on it as a source. 

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