Anti-fungal effects

Microencapsulated tea tree oil has multifunctional properties, including natural anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. Tea tree oil has been shown to be effechve at relieving dandruff and if used on laundry and bedding provides good protechon against bed mites which, if eliminated, can be beneficial to asthma sufferers. 

Actidione and Anisomycin. These two anti-fungal antibiotics were tested, not because they were antibiotics, but because of their known inhibitory effects on biological systems such as those involved in protein synthesis. Both were found to be active 21) but were never pursued beyond the initial screening stages because of high cost and particularly their animal toxicity, especially to the mucosa. 

P. janczewskii as an anti-fungal metabolite with a particular curling effect on the hyphae of the plant pathogen, Botrytis allii. The structure of griseofulvin... 

The effects of a hydrotalcite (magnesium/aluminium hydroxy carbonate) acid scavenger on the thermal stability of barium/zinc-stabilisedpoly(vittyl chloride) containing zinc pyrithione biocide in various proportions were investigated by heat stability, (fynamic thermal stabiUty and Brabender mastication experiments coupled with colour, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal measurements, and the results are discussed. 12 refs. 

A major breakthrough in modern medicine has been the discovery of effective anti-fungal compounds. One family such as ketoconazole 204 or saperconazole 205 has a dioxolan core carrying the active imidazole or triazole functionality. Schering-Plough have developed a new type having an apparently simpler tetrahydrofuran (THF) core such as 206. This compound presents special problems for asymmetric synthesis. 

Amphotericin B is an extremely potent anti-fungal agent used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. However, delivery of amphotericin B is very difficult due to its insolubility in the water as well as commonly used oils. Furthermore, it shows several adverse effects such as nephrotoxicity. Brime et al. [109] successfully entrapped amphotericin B in the lecithin-based microemulsions and evaluated their acute toxicity in the mice in comparison to the marketed formulation. Acute toxicity studies indicated that... 

Lauenstein, Friedrich and Haberland investigated the effects of the parenteral administration of heparin, sodium polyethylene sulphonate and a number of other sulphated polysaccharides on oedema of the rat-foot produced by Zymosan . Two heparin preparations were almost inactive but a heparinoid derived from fungal mycelium exhibited marked effects unaltered by adrenalectomy. These authors conclude that it is unlikely that the anti-inflammatory effects of heparinoids are dependent on anticoagulant activity. 

Adverse effects tend to be mild GI effects—dyspepsia, constipation and flatulence. More serious effects, such as renal tubular obstruction, rhabdomyolysis and myopathy, have been reported. These are most likely to occur with concurrent therapy of other drugs that inhibit the metabolism of the drug (e.g., systemic anti-fungals or macrolide antibiotics) or with consumption of grapefruit. Elevated liver enzymes (e.g., transaminase) may also be present. 

In view of these effects the US manufacturers suggest halving the dose of cilostazol in the presence ofCYP3A4 inhibitors such as erythromycin, diltiazem, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. However, the UK manufacturers contraindicate CYP3A4 inhibitors, and they specifically name erythromycin, diltiazem, ketoconazole, cimetidine, and the protease inhibitors. Just why these recommendations differ is not clear. The US manufacturers suggest that other CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as azole anti-fungals (fluconazole, miconazole), SSRIs (fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline) and nefazodone, may also interact. ... 

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