Anti-freeze protein

Ice Slurry Flow Utilizing Nano-scale Effects Originated from Anti-freeze Protein. ... 

Herring anti-freeze protein (fiAFP) Increased expression [25]... 

Anti-freeze protein type 1 (AFP) Platichthys spp. (flounder) Multiple freeze-thaw cycles, pH 4 or 7 (Graether et al. 2003)... 

Spray freeze drying also has been proposed as an alternative technology to produce light and porous particles for peptide and protein delivery. Liquid nitrogen is used as recipient agent, into which the formulation is sprayed. The formed microparticles are harvested and lyophilized eventually. DNase and monoclonal anti-IgE antibodies have been used to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept (Maa et al. 1999). Promaxx microspheres are manufactured in a phase-separation process between water-soluble polymers and therapeutically active protein that results in particles having a high protein payload of up to 90 percent (Brown et al. 1999). 

Maa et al. [3.84] used spray drying and spray freeze-drying (see Chapter 5, [5.13, 5.14]) to produce protein powders for inhalation from deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (anti-IgE Mab) with lactose as carrier. Spray freezedrying produced light and porous protein particles with superior aerosol performance. 

Imedeen is the trade name of an oral health food product containing freeze-dried proteins from the cartilage of deep-sea fish, which is advocated as an anti-wrinkhng agent. Its use has been associated with generalized skin reactions and extensive Quincke s edema (32). 

Finally, it may be noted that water contained in fine capillaries with walls of organic materials is well known to have its thermal properties profoundly modified, usually by steep lowering of the freezing point. Water within cell walls likewise tends to have its association into clusters strongly modified. Various physical examples have been studied (see [1]). The possibilities now indicated refer to the course of chemical reactions as controlled by proteins, themselves supported by water either as single H2O molecules, or as anti-crystalline clusters. 

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