Anti-fouling additives

Asatekin A, Kang S, Elimelech M et al (2007) Anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes containing polyacrylonitrile-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) comb copolymer additives. J Membr Sci 298 136-146... 

This article looks at the challenges involved in the development of anti-fouling paint for marine appUcations, and also on the use of additional biocides in the pairrts. It describes experimentation carried out on nine biocides on the market today, and discusses the results. 15 refs. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION ITALY WESTERN EUROPE... 

An anti-fouling paint for ships, confining tributyltin oxide, is bonded with colloidal silica and resin dispersion, the silica being made organophilic by the addition of a cationic surfactant (660). 

Due to the cost, as well as time, in testing anti-foulants in plant applications, some laboratory test methods have evolved to determine the fouling potential of process streams and to evaluate the effects of alternative additives and treatment levels. These laboratory tests are always of relatively short duration - from several minutes to several days - and require intensification of the causative factors to increase fouling rates, and thus provide measurable changes in the system parameters during the test times, which are short relative to the weeks or months of acmal field fouling problems. 

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