Anthracene peroxide

A central aspect of the PIE concept is that the dye and resist exposures should be completely separated (9,15) any departure from this condition makes the system more like CEL and lowers its performance. Further bleaching of the anthracene is of course eliminated simply by removing oxygen the bleaching reactions described above (e.g. Figure 8) are much lower in efficiency and therefore irrelevant insofar as pattern transfer is concerned. However, "antibleaching" due to the loss of oxygen from the anthracene peroxide upon DU V irradiation (47) is a concern it constitutes a dose-dependent loss of contrast. 

Cyclic peroxides may serve as a source of singlet oxygen. Wasserman et reacted 9,10-diphenylanthracene peroxide (238, conveniently prepared as in Nilsson and Kearns ) with 138 to give 140 rubrene peroxide proved to be considerably less efficient. Decomposition of anthracene peroxide alone takes another course. 32.396 jg treated with phthaloyl peroxide... 

The addition of O2 (whether or A ) to 138 or 4 has apparently not been studied theoretically although selection rules for singlet oxygen reactions/ interpretation of substituent effects and orbital correlations for homolytic fission and re-formation of the peroxide bond in 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene peroxide and rubrene peroxide have been published. 

Anthracene and derivs 1 A457-A458 anthracene peroxide 1 A458 dinitroanthracenes 1 A458 mononitroanthracenes 1 A458... 

In presence of Oa, anthracene peroxide and other products are formed by secondary processes giving off large quantities of HC1. It is likely that only 50% of. CC13 combine with. ACI accounting for the molecules inactive to oxygen ( = 0.4x = 0.2). The remainder of. ACI and. CC1 radicals may also take up a molecule of oxygen. Some phosgene is formed by the reaction E. 

X-ray irradiation of single crystals of anthracene peroxide (33, Scheme 23) gives mixed crystals of anthraquinone (34) and anthrone (35), with retention of the shape of the original crystal [118]. This transformation has been monitored by... 

Anthracene peroxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to give 9-oxo-10-chloroanthracene, while the reaction with hydrobromic acid gives either 9-oxo-10-bromoanthracene or 9,10-dibromo-9,10-dihydroanthracene, depending on the reaction conditions.227... 

Benzene peroxide may be more stable in solution since it is protected by the surrounding benzene molecules. The stability of peroxides in the series benzene—naphthalene—anthracene should increase with increasing resonance energy of the aromatic compound. The resonance energy of benzene is 36 kcal mole-1, that of naphthalene is 61 kcal mole-1 and that of anthracene is 83 kcal mole-1. Thus pure anthracene peroxide can be separated and stored for a long time [Refs. 91, 93, 96, 102, 241], whereas benzene peroxide exists only in situ and decomposes in all attempts at separation. The characteristic absorption band of anthracene peroxide also occurs at 2780 A and it may be assumed that the band is characteristic of the peroxides of cyclic hydrocarbons. 

Rabek [500, 502] found that benzoyl peroxide, butyl peroxide and cumyl peroxide sensitize the photodegradation of c/s-l,4-polyisoprene in benzene. Similarly, anthracene peroxide added to a benzene solution of polystyrene shows a strong photosensitizing effect only when oxygen is present [504]. 

Akyl peroxides, Di-tert-butyl peroxide Ascaridole 9,10-Diphenyl-anthracene peroxide N-Methylmorpholine oxide peroxide tert-Butyl peroxy-benzoate Acyl peroxides Acetyl-, Benzoyl peroxide... 

Akyl peroxides, Di-tert-butyl peroxide Ascaridole 9,10-Diphenyl-anthracene peroxide... 

Methyl-4,5-diphenyloxazole in methanol containing methylene blue as sensitizer irradiated 6 hrs. with a 150 w. floodlamp N-acetyldibenzamide. Y 86%. Also from the isomeric 4-methyl-2,5-diphenyloxazole and f. e. s. H. H. Wasser-man and M. B. Floyd, Tetrahedron SuppL 7, 441 (1966) with 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene peroxide, singlet oxygen reactions, s. Am. Soc. 89, 3073 (1967). 

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