Anomalous Rectifiers

Inwardly rectifying K+ channels Anomalous rectifiers Kir channels... 

Inward Rectifier K+ Channels. Figure 2 High [K+] inside cells relative to outside results in normal rectification, whereby outward (positive by convention) potassium currents (/) when cells are depolarized (is positive relative to EK), are biggerthan inward (negative) currents at hyperpolarized (negative) voltages. Inward or anomalous rectifiers show strong or weak inward rectification whereby outward currents are smaller than inward currents. 

Retinal horizontal cells The model of Winslow and Knapp [1991] consisted of a fast sodium current, an inactivating (A-type) potassium current, a noninactivating potssium current, an anomalous rectifier potassium current, a calcium-inactivated calcium current, and a linear leakage current. In addition calcium concentration changes in a restricted region beneath the membrane was also modeled. 

Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) currents were first characterized decades ago in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers. Also initially referred to as anomalous rectifiers, these currents were named for their unique characteristic of preferentially conducting inward currents, while outward currents were inhibited (Hutter and Noble 1960 Noble 1962). This trait contrasted with the outward rectification and intrinsic voltage dependence of the classic voltage-dependent K (Kv) currents in excitable... 

A rule of thumb is to suspect a point that has a residual of magnitude greater than 3sy/x. However, you should not have outliers in your calibration. If necessary solutions should be remeasured and if the response still appears anomalous, the solution should be made up again. You have control over your calibration, and if there is a problem with it, you must rectify the situation before any measurements of unknowns are made. Do not rely on statistics to bail you out of poor chemical technique ... 

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