Ankle plantar flexion

The major muscle of ankle dorsiflexion is the tibialis anterior, assisted by the extensor digitorum longus, the extensor hallucis longus, and the peroneus tertius. The major muscles of ankle plantar flexion are the gastrocnemius and soleus, assisted by the plantaris, tibialis... 

One channel Ankle plantar-flexion Lateral/ Medial gastrocnemius... 

Ankle dorsiflexor 0 35-70 25-45 Decreases from maximum plantar flexion to maximum dorsiflexion... 

Subject A exercised his lower extremity muscles at home using a PC computer to control the implanted stimulator. In lanuary 1997, he was provided with a battery-operated external portable conditioning system (19x11x6 cm ), which he uses at home and at work sitting in his wheelchair. The exercise protocol stimulates the right and left knee extensors and ankle plantar/dorsi flexors alternately 4 sec ON/4 sec OFF, for a total of 20 min. After the muscles have been conditioned, dynamometric testing (isometric mode) has shown that implanted FES stimulation produces bilateral knee extension torque of 45 to 55 Nm at 30° and 65 Nm at 60° of knee flexion. Subject A exercised at least 3 days a week, and found if he did not do so the spasticity in the lower extremities increased. 

Undisplaced fractures are treated non-weight-bearing in a long-leg cast for 3-4 weeks. The cast should have 10 of knee flexion and some plantar flexion of the ankle, so as to relax the gastrocnemius muscles. 

Plantar flexion of ankle joints in relation to angle of legs... 

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle automatically create motion in both tibiofibular joints. Dorsiflexion causes the lateral malleolus to move laterally, to move vertically in a cephalad direction, and to rotate medially. This causes the superior tibiofibular joint to move in an upward posterior direction while rotating medially. The reverse occurs in plantar flexion. 

The majorjoint motions of the ankle are plantar flexion (to 50 degrees) and dorsiflexion (to 20 degrees) (Fig. 95-2). Accessory motions of side-to-side glide, rotation, abduction, and adduction are present if the joint is in plantar flexion. 

Posterior impingement of the ankle results from compression of the soft tissues between the posterior tibia and the posterior process of the calcaneus that occurs on plantar flexion. This syndrome is more commonly encountered in patients involved in sporting activities such as ballet dancers, soccer players and runners who actively plantar flex their feet, even at extremes of their full range of movement and/or for prolonged periods (Hamilton 1982 Sammarco and Cooper... 

Clinical features include limited plantar flexion of the foot compared with that of the nonaffected side and posterior ankle pain exacerbated hy plantar and dorsal flexion of the foot, anterior to and not involving the Achilles tendon. Bony abnormalities in this area, and especially at the level of the posterior talus, may predispose to this syndrome. From the anatomic point of view, the posterior aspect of the talus has two tubercles, the medial and the lateral tubercle, between which the osteofibrous tunnel of the flexor hallucis longus tendon lies. In the ossification process of the... 

The standard US examination of the foot begins with its dorsal aspect, keeping the patient supine with the knee flexed at approximately 90°. The sole of the foot lies on the examination bed while the ankle is in slight plantar flexion. Transverse US imaging planes are the best suited to identify the superficial long tendons as they course over the dorsum of the foot. The most medial tendon is the tibialis anterior, which gradually tapers as it runs toward the... 

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