Anisotropic plasticity

It may be apparent from studying the perovskite structure that it is likely to exhibit quite anisotropic plastic (hardness) behavior, and it does. The primary glide plane is (110) and the glide direction is (1-10). 

It has been established that mechanochemical treatment increases the specific surface area of V2O5 and produces V" ions. The latter phenomenon is indicated by an appearance of the low-energy contribution in the XPS spectrum of V 2p electrons. The STM study [13,14] showed that after the mechanochemical treatment in ethanol the change of V2O5 texture took place due to an anisotropic plastic shift deformation along the planes parallel to (001). This leads to an increase of the relative exposure... 

The repeated measurement of the size of indents, and the interpretation of indent geometry for the purposes of calculation, may be tedious, and operator bias is almost unavoidable. The edge of the impression is not always well defined, and misleading edge effects may be associated with anisotropic plasticity or plastic recovery. Faceted and elongated grains, or other microstructural features, together with the limitations of contrast and resolution in the optical microscope, complicate the interpretation, while the shape of the indent may differ in different materials so-called pin-cushion or barreled indents, associated with different constitutive relations and frictional shear on the faces of the indentor in contact with the plastic zone [3]. Mismeasurement of indent size is a major source of scatter in the experimental data and the relative errors in the results of different operators. 

Anisotropy, Table 1 The yield criteria developed for description of the anisotropic plastic behavior... 

When an initially isotropic polymer is drawn or extruded to a high deformation ratio under suitable conditions, it develops appreciable anisotropy which is apparent in mechanical tests at all stresses up to and beyond the yield stress. A typical example of the anisotropy of yield observed is shown in Fig. 2 in which the tensile yield stress of oriented polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets is shown as a fiinction of the an e 6 between the tensile axis (TA) and the initial draw direction (IDD). This large anisotropy is somewhat similar to that observed in cold-rolled metal sheets, for which theories of anisotropic plasticity were suggestedby Hill, Yoshimura and others. A modification of the theory... 

Wu s explanations for this fundamental observation were couched in field theory, such as overlapping of concentrated stress fields around particles or a transition in local stress state from plane strain to plane stress, and could not furnish a specific material dimension, which, as we present below, depends on the type of the polymer and its crystalline state. The required fully consistent explanation for the discovery was provided by the studies of Muratoglu et al. (1995a), who proposed that the material-specific level of A is a consequence of a preferred form of crystallization of polyamide lamellae near particle interfaces, extending to a certain distance I away from the interface. This results in an anisotropic plastic resistance in this layer, which upon percolation through the matrix and in an... 

Three general types of LC state can be distinguished in this sequence an anisotropic plastic crystal range (crystal phases), a smectic LC region and an... 

Rotationally (3-D) disordered crystals that may be derived from globular molecules leading to isotropic phases. This classification does not apply to crystal smectic phases composed of elongated molecules, although these could be described as anisotropic plastic crystals. 

The separation of the contributions of rate-independent plasticity and creep can lead to inconsistent interactions. ABAQUS [1], for instance, properly handles isotropic creep and plasticity together. In the case of either anisotropic plasticity or creep, plasticity is not accounted for in creep simulations. 

The birefiingence is the decomposition of a ray of light into two rays, the ordinary and the extraordinary rays, when it passes through anisotropic plastic materials, depaiding on the polarization of the light. The birefiingence can be measured by measuring... 

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