Anions biological applications

H. Zhang, J. Joseph, J. Vasquez-Vivar, H. Karoui, C. Nsanzumuhire, P. Martasek, P. Tordo, and B. Kalyanaraman, Detection of superoxide anion using an isotopically labeled nitrone spin trap potential biological applications. FEBS Lett. 473, 58-62 (2000). 

Medically, anions are of great importance in many disease pathways. Cystic fibrosis, a genetic illness affecting a significant proportion of society, is caused by misregulation of chloride channels (17). There is, therefore, a real need for selective halide detection, as established methods of chloride analysis are unsuitable for biological applications (18). Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled replication of polyanionic DNA. Anion-binding proteins have also been implicated in the mechanism of Alzheimer s disease (19). 

Principal inorganic components detected by polaro-graphy are metallic species and certain anions. These applications will be described with respect to periodic elemental groupings. Determination of such analytes have been carried out in a wide variety of sample types such as water (waste and potable), foods (drinks, oils, meat, fruits, vegetables, and cereals), mineral ores, metallurgy, biological fluids (blood, urine), and environmental samples (sediments, soils, aerosols, and natural waters). 

Fast-scan voltammetry has largely been developed for biological applications [50,52], and employs scan rates up to kV s . It has also been used for the detection of various anions and cations on submillisecond timescales [32, 53-56]. 

Biological Applications Chloride channel blockers anion transport inhibitors treating can-cer, glaucoma, heart diseases, viral diseases Industrial Applications Not reported Safety/Toxici Effect on hemolysis lysosomal sulfate transport ... 

Reb et al. [42] presented the synthesis of latex particles by using isophthaUc acid derivatives as anionic surfactants. The bifunctionality present at the surface of the particles allows for a surface functionalization of the final latex particles with dyes or oligopeptides for different medical or biological applications. 

Cryptands, 7, 731-761 alkali metal complexes NMR, 7, 740 reactivity, 7, 743-744 alkaline earth complexes reactivity, 7, 743-744 anion complexes, 7, 747-748 applications, 7, 753-761 as biological models, 7, 753-754 bis-tren... 

Pyrazol-5-one, 3-methyl-1 -phenyl-4-phenylazo-methylation, 5, 264 Pyrazol-5-one, pyridyl-biological activity, 5, 295 Pyrazol-5-one, l-(4 -carbamoylphenyl)-3-methyl-azo pigments from, 1, 334 Pyrazol-5-one, 3-methyl-l-phenyl-azo dyes from, 1, 330 azo pigments from, 1, 334 Pyrazolones acetylated acylotropy, 5, 264 analytical applications, 5, 300 anions... 

Present research is devoted to investigation of application of luminol reactions in heterogeneous systems. Systems of rapid consecutive reactions usable for the determination of biologically active, toxic anions have been studied. Anions were quantitatively converted into chemiluminescing solid or gaseous products detectable on solid / liquid or gas / liquid interface. Methodology developed made it possible to combine concentration of microcomponents with chemiluminescence detection and to achieve high sensitivity of determination. 

Macrocyclic Polyamines as Biological Cation and Anion Complexones — An Application to Calculi Dissolution... 

Macrocyclic polyamines as biological cation and anion complexones — an application to calculi dissolution. E. Kimura, Top. Curr. Chem., 1985,128,113 (85). 

Chromium, (ri6-benzene)tricarbonyl-stereochemistry nomenclature, 1,131 Chromium complexes, 3,699-948 acetylacetone complex formation, 2,386 exchange reactions, 2,380 amidines, 2,276 bridging ligands, 2,198 chelating ligands, 2,203 anionic oxo halides, 3,944 applications, 6,1014 azo dyes, 6,41 biological effects, 3,947 carbamic acid, 2,450 paddlewheel structure, 2, 451 carboxylic acids, 2,438 trinuclear, 2, 441 carcinogenicity, 3, 947 corroles, 2, 874 crystal structures, 3, 702 cyanides, 3, 703 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene, 2,209 1,3-diketones... 

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