Anion-stabilizing solvents, definition

Table 4 lists selected electrochemical stability data for various lithium salt anions that are commonly used in lithium-based electrolytes, with the measurement approaches indicated. Although it has been known that the reduction of anions does occur, sometimes at high potentials, the corresponding processes are usually sluggish and a definite potential for such reductions is often hard to determine. The reduction of solvents, occurring simultaneously with that of anions on the electrode, further complicates the interpretation efforts. For this reason, only the anodic stability of salt anions is of interest, while the cathodic limit of the salt in most cases is set by the reduction of its cation (i.e., lithium deposition potential). 

The definition for catalytic purposes of a zeolite reads as follows a crystalline material with micropores and cation-exchange capacity that is insoluble in water and common organic solvents and has sufficient thermal stability that allows removal of all pore-filling agents present in the as-synthesized materials. This definition is narrower than that of the IZA Constitution, which includes mesoporous solids, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), cationic and anionic clays [3]. 

During the last decade, ionic liquids have been transformed from poorly understood materials to the focus of many research activities, both in academic research and industrial applications A huge interest in using ionic liquids as an alternative medium for CO2 capture has become apparent because of its potential advantages compared to other conventional solvents, such as MEA There are many ways in which an ionic liquid can be defined, and perhaps the most widely accepted definition is, A material that is composed solely of ions . Ionic liquids are a very versatile class of solvents, due to their unique characteristics, such as the ability to manipulate and tune their physicochemical properties through cation or anion selection, non-volatility under ambient conditions, high thermal stability, as well as high CO2 solubility, may overcome many of the problems associated with current C02-removal techniques It is also very important to note that ionic liquids are not solutions of ions in water, or other solvents. 

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