Angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction

Fig. 6. Pressure-volume relations for NO NOs and other molecular systems. NO NOs determined from the present energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction ( ) and that from previous angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction with refined cell parameters ( ), and that from C.S. Yoo et al. ( ) (Ref. [81]), compared with a third-order Birch-Mumaghan (—) and Vinet et al. EOS fits For O2 ( ) data, below 5.5 GPa are for fluid O2 (Ref. [123]) above 5.5 GPa for the solid (Ref. [124]). Experimental data for O2 (o) at several pressures performed from Ref. [125] are also plotted. For N2 ( ), experimentally determined EOS is from Ref [126], for N2O ( ) from Ref. [127]. Volumes for N2O4 ( ) determined in the present study is fitted by the Birch-Mumaghan equation of state (—) tentatively. Also shown are the corresponding volumes of stoichometrically equivalent assemblages of N2 + 2O2 (—) and N2O+ 3/2 O2 (—).

Fig. 14. Angle dispersive x-ray diffraction patterns for mixture of azide with amorphous boron collected at different conditions. Bottom flipped pattern is from the sample compressed to 9.8 GPa without heating. Due to the strong intensity at 20=9.094°, this pattern is flipped for convenience of comparison with other patterns. The pattern at ground level is from the sample heated at 9.6 GPa. The top pattern is from the sample compressed to 22.2 GPa followed by CO2 laser heating, and the pattern immediately below it is collected after decompression from 22.2 GPa to 8.5 GPa of the same sample, (from Ref [140])...

Amphiphiles, 5, 14—15 Amphotropic liquid crystals, 5-6 Angle dispersive X-ray diffraction (ADXD) dysprosium, 304/ erbium, 31(/ gadolinium, 296-297 holmium, 308/ terbium, 300, 302/ 303/... 

Angle-dispersion X-ray diffraction, pressure p = 2.25 GPa Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction... 

In further work the same team [82] used angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction in the pressure range 2-6 GPa to study crystalline GeSc2. This confirmed the transition to a three-dimensional crystalline structure above 2 GPa at 698 K. This transition was explained by an anisotropic lattice distortion due to the cooperative tilting of rigid Ge(Sc4) tetrahedra. The authors claimed that a similar transition, including anomalous compressibility and thermal expansion phenomena, could be observed in... 

Angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction is used as a standard characterisation technique in the majority of solid-state laboratories. In this method, a constant-wavelength X-ray source is used. A detector sweeps a range of angles, and therefore Bragg reflections are separated by a spatial coordi-... 

Fig. 7.7. Autoclave for energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction studies (Tamura and Hosokawa, 1992). A series of seven exit windows are located in the scattering plane at various angles to the incident window shown here on the right-hand side of the diagram.

Cationic quaternary ammonium compounds such as distearyldimethylammonium-chloride (DSDMAC) used as a softener and as an antistatic, form hydrated particles in a dispersed phase having a similar structure to that of the multilayered liposomes or vesicles of phospholipids 77,79). This liposome-like structure could be made visible by electron microscopy using the freeze-fracture replica technique as shown by Okumura et al. 79). The concentric circles observed should be bimolecular lamellar layers with the sandwiched parts being the entrapped water. In addition, the longest spacings of the small angle X-ray diffraction pattern can be attributed to the inter-lamellar distances. These liposome structures are formed by the hydrated detergent not only in the gel state but also at relatively low concentrations. 

TS-1 has been obtained by the hydrothermal crystallization of a gel obtained from TEOS and TEOT in the presence of tetrapropylammonium hydroxyde (TPA-OH). The structure of TS-1 has been demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), microprobe analysis, and 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, an absorption band in the IR spectrum at 960 cm-, present in TS-1 and absent from that of silicalite, was initially considered a fingerprint for the characterization of TS-1. However, later work (discussed below) has shown that this band is also present in many other silica compounds, and therefore its relation to framework Tilv is not straightforward. 

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